Lachish is regarded as the second most important city after Jerusalem in the southern kingdom of Judah, and it was strategically located on the Via Maris travel route. It was a well-fortified military city with double walls and provided protection to Israel’s southern region. Learn more! It was the last city conquered by the Assyrians before they set their sites on Jerusalem. However, God supernaturally intervened and killed 185,000 Assyrian soldiers. Tel Lachish Photo Gallery Places of Interest Tel Lachish Location 1. Tel Lachish is in the foothills (Shaphelah) of the Judean Mountains about 18 miles (30 km.) from the Mediterranean Sea and about 25 miles (41 km.) southwest of Jerusalem. 2. Lachish is regarded as the second most important city after Jerusalem in the Southern Kingdom of Judah and was strategically located on the Via Maris travel route. 3. It was a well-fortified military city with double walls and provided protection to Israel’s southern region. Historical Background 1. Lachish has two major settlement periods, a Canaanite and an Israelite settlement period. 2. Lachish was first settled and inhabited by the Canaanites around 3000 BC. 3. It was then conquered by the Israelites under Joshua during the conquest of the Promised Land. 4. After the Kingdom of Israel was divided, Lachish became a thriving Israelite city during king Rehoboam’s reign (920 BC), and around 10,000 people lived in the city at that time. 5. It was destroyed by the Assyrians in 701 BC and by the Babylonians in 587 BC. 6. Numerous pottery shards (ostraca) were found at Lachish. One spoke of the fall of the close-by city of Azekah (above the Valley of Elah) by the Assyrians. This realization must have sent fear into the hearts of those in Lachish. Another pottery shard spoke of a prophet, most likely Jeremiah. 7. Writings and relief pictures at Nineveh (modern-day Mosul) reveal the destruction of Lachish. 8. Interestingly, ostraca pieces and other findings in Israel reveal the evidence of around 100 biblical names of people in the Bible. 9. There are 2 caves filled with skulls close-by to Lachish, giving evidence of its destruction. 10. In 539 BC, the Persians defeated the Babylonians and allowed the exiles to return to Israel from 538–445 BC. Jerusalem and Lachish were reconstructed at this time (Nehemiah 11:1, 30). 11. Lachish was finally abandoned after the Hellenistic rule in Israel (332–167 BC). Places of Interest 1. Entrance 2. Large Building 3. Siege Ramp 4. City Gate 5. Palace 6. Palace Courtyard 7. Quarry/Reservoir 8. Israelite Temple – Similar layout as the temple in Tel Arad. This temple was also prohibited (Deut. 12:5-7). 9. City Well 10. City Walls Lachish in the Bible 1. The King of Lachish joined 4 other kings to fight against the Gibeonites because they had made peace with Israel during the conquest of the Promised Land. Joshua 10:1–5: As soon as Adoni-zedek, king of Jerusalem, heard how Joshua had captured Ai and had devoted it to destruction, doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king, and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were among them, 2 he feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, like one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all its men were warriors. 3 So Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent to Hoham king of Hebron, to Piram king of Jarmuth, to Japhia king of Lachish , and to Debir king of Eglon, saying, 4 “Come up to me and help me, and let us strike Gibeon. For it has made peace with Joshua and with the people of Israel.” 5 Then the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon, gathered their forces and went up with all their armies and encamped against Gibeon and made war against it. 2. Joshua prayed that the sun would stand still so the Israelites could defeat the 5 kings who had gathered to make war against the Gibeonites and the Israelites. Joshua 10:10–14: And the Lord threw them into a panic before Israel, who struck them with a great blow at Gibeon and chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth-horon and struck them as far as Azekah and Makkedah. 11 And as they fled before Israel, while they were going down the ascent of Beth-horon, the Lord threw down large stones from heaven on them as far as Azekah, and they died. There were more who died because of the hailstones than the sons of Israel killed with the sword. 12 At that time Joshua spoke to the Lord in the day when the Lord gave the Amorites over to the sons of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, “Sun, stand still at Gibeon, and moon, in the Valley of Aijalon.” 13 And the sun stood still, and the moon stopped , until the nation took vengeance on their enemies. Is this not written in the Book of Jashar? The sun stopped in the midst of heaven and did not hurry to set for about a whole day. 14 There has been no day like it before or since, when the Lord heeded the voice of a man, for the Lord fought for Israel. 3. Joshua and the Israelites conquer Lachish. Joshua 10:31–32: Then Joshua and all Israel with him passed on from Libnah to Lachish and laid siege to it and fought against it. 32 And the Lord gave Lachish into the hand of Israel, and he captured it on the second day and struck it with the edge of the sword, and every person in it, as he had done to Libnah. 4. King Rehoboam, Solomon’s son, fortified Lachish in about 920 BC after the kingdom of Israel was divided. 2 Chronicles 11:5–12: Rehoboam lived in Jerusalem, and he built cities for defense in Judah. 6 He built Bethlehem, Etam, Tekoa, 7 Beth-zur, Soco, Adullam, 8 Gath, Mareshah, Ziph, 9 Adoraim, Lachish , Azekah, 10 Zorah, Aijalon, and Hebron, fortified cities that are in Judah and in Benjamin. 11 He made the fortresses strong , and put commanders in them, and stores of food, oil, and wine. 12 And he put shields and spears in all the cities and made them very strong. So he held Judah and Benjamin. 5. King Amaziah fled to Lachish after his defeat to the Northern Kingdom of Israel and was killed by his own countrymen in 767 BC. 2 Chronicles 25:14–15: After Amaziah came from striking down the Edomites, he brought the gods of the men of Seir and set them up as his gods and worshiped them, making offerings to them. 15 Therefore the Lord was angry with Amaziah and sent to him a prophet, who said to him, “Why have you sought the gods of a people who did not deliver their own people from your hand?” 2 Chronicles 25:27: From the time when he [Amaziah] turned away from the Lord, they made a conspiracy against him in Jerusalem, and he fled to Lachish . But they sent after him to Lachish and put him to death there. 6. God destroyed Lachish because of their continual rejection of God and sinful choices. Micah 1:13: Harness the steeds to the chariots, inhabitants of Lachish ; it was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion, for in you were found the transgressions of Israel. 7. Lachish was attacked and destroyed by the Assyrians in 701 BC. After Assyria conquered the Northern Kingdom of Israel and led them into captivity to Assyria in 722 BC, King Sennacherib set his sights on Egypt and Judah in 701 BC. 2 Kings 18:13: In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and took them. 2 Chronicles 32:9–10: After this, Sennacherib king of Assyria, who was besieging Lachish with all his forces, sent his servants to Jerusalem to Hezekiah king of Judah and to all the people of Judah who were in Jerusalem, saying, 10 “Thus says Sennacherib king of Assyria, ‘On what are you trusting, that you endure the siege in Jerusalem? In the destruction of Lachish, as many as 50,000 people were tortured and killed when Sennacherib took it. Based on archaeological discoveries and writings in Nineveh, the Assyrians beheaded, burned, flayed, and impaled those they conquered. Those who escaped death were deported to Assyria, led by rings pierced through their lips. In the writings of Sennacherib, he mentions how his army penetrated fortifications using ramps, battering rams, mines, breeches, and siege engines. The evidence of these tactics can be seen in the siege ramp at Lachish. 8. God supernaturally protected Jerusalem from the Assyrian conquest. After King Sennacherib conquered Lachish and the southern cities of Judah, he set his sights on Jerusalem. The deliverance of Jerusalem in 701 BC, under King Hezekiah’s godly leadership, is one of the most pivotal and monumental miracles in Israel’s history. Assyria rose to world domination and had conquered all the Northern Kingdom of Israel, and all the southern cities of Judah. Jerusalem was the only city left in the whole region that had not fallen. Assyria was hungry and ready to devour Jerusalem by its merciless iron-toothed war machine. 2 Kings 19:8–10: The Rabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria fighting against Libnah, for he heard that the king had left Lachish . 9 Now the king heard concerning Tirhakah king of Cush, “Behold, he has set out to fight against you.” So he sent messengers again to Hezekiah, saying, 10 “Thus shall you speak to Hezekiah king of Judah: ‘Do not let your God in whom you trust deceive you by promising that Jerusalem will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria. 2 Kings 19:20: Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah, saying, “Thus says the Lord, the God of Israel: Your prayer to me about Sennacherib king of Assyria I have heard.” 2 Kings 19:35–37: And that night the angel of the Lord went out and struck down 185,000 in the camp of the Assyrians . And when people arose early in the morning, behold, these were all dead bodies. 36 Then Sennacherib king of Assyria departed and went home and lived at Nineveh. 37 And as he was worshiping in the house of Nisroch his god, Adrammelech and Sharezer, his sons, struck him down with the sword and escaped into the land of Ararat. And Esarhaddon his son reigned in his place. The defeat over Sennacherib at Jerusalem was a devastating blow to the Assyrian Empire, which caused it to spiral downward thereafter. Later, the Babylonian Empire would arise and become the new world power. 9. Lachish was again destroyed by the Babylonians in around 587 BC. Jeremiah 34:6–7: Then Jeremiah the prophet spoke all these words to Zedekiah king of Judah, in Jerusalem, 7 when the army of the king of Babylon was fighting against Jerusalem and against all the cities of Judah that were left, Lachish and Azekah, for these were the only fortified cities of Judah that remained. 10. The destruction and deportations of the Israelites into Assyria and Babylon were because of their continual disobedience to God. Ezra 5:12: But because our fathers had provoked the God of heaven to wrath, He gave them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the Chaldean, who destroyed this temple and deported the people to Babylon. Ezra 9:7: Since the days of our fathers to this day we have been in great guilt, and on account of our iniquities we, our kings and our priests have been given into the hand of the kings of the lands, to the sword, to captivity and to plunder and to open shame, as it is this day. Faith Lesson from Lachish 1. God gave the Israelites a great victory over the king of Lachish by causing the sun to stand still and by sending great hailstones. Joshua demonstrated great faith in asking God to cause the sun to stand still. Do we realize God is able to do great miracles in our lives if we have faith like Joshua? 2. God supernaturally protected Jerusalem because of King Hezekiah’s devotion and faith and defeated the Assyrians by ordering one angel to kill 185,000 soldiers. If our hearts are right before God, there is nothing we should fear. 3. However, around 115 years later, God allowed the Israelites to be conquered by the Babylonians because of their continual sinful choices. When we are not right with God, we find ourselves in the hand of a disciplining God who will deal with us according to His wisdom.

Capernaum was the ministry base of Jesus during His ministry time on earth. Learn about the amazing things that happened there and in the surrounding area. Capernaum is located on the north shore of the Sea of Galilee. Capernaum was located on the Via Maris, which was the main international highway of the known world during the time of Christ. Sites of interest include: Mount Arbel, Magdala, Gennesaret, Tabhga, Mount of Beatitudes, Capernaum, Bethsaida, Kirsi, Feeding the 5,000. Capernaum Photo Gallery Places of Interest Capernaum Introduction Welcome to Capernaum. Many significant events from the Bible took place here. Here are the highlights. 1. This was Jesus' ministry base for 3 1/2 years. Christ left Nazareth to live and establish His ministry base in Capernaum. 2. Jesus most likely lived with Peter, whose home is here. Jesus frequently taught in the Synagogue in Capernaum. 3. Jesus healed Peter’s mother and many others here in Capernaum. 4. In Capernaum, Jesus forgave and healed a paralyzed man. This likely happened right at the home where Jesus lived. 5. Christ marveled at the great faith of a centurion in Capernaum. The Parables of the Kingdom were preached close to Capernaum. 6. The miracle of Peter getting money from a fish's mouth to pay the temple tax for himself and Jesus happened in Capernaum. 7. Jesus called Matthew, the tax collector, close to Capernaum. Capernaum was one of the three towns Christ cursed because of their unbelief in Him. 8. Here are some special sites we're going to see here: Peter's home and most likely the home of Jesus as well. Synagogue where Jesus preached. Ancient artifacts, one of which is mentioned in the Bible. The homes of Capernaum. We'll be going to the seashore, where many biblical events happened, and where we'll have our Bible teaching. 9. At the seashore, you can dip your feet in the water if you'd like. Location 1. Capernaum is located on the north shore of the Sea of Galilee. 2. Capernaum was located on the Via Maris, the main international highway of the world at the time of Christ. The Via Maris linked the three continents of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Travelers were forced to use this route as there were few other options for traveling to and from each continent. The north shore of the Sea of Galilee was even more traveled than the roads and routes leading through Jerusalem. It may seem that Christ established His ministry base in a remote location. However, just the opposite was true. He chose the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee (and Capernaum was located at a key point along the Via Maris) as a center stage so that His message would reach as many people as possible worldwide. By spending most of His ministry time in the northern Galilee area, Christ’s miracles traveled by word of mouth to the ends of the earth. This laid the groundwork and sowed the seeds of the gospel to the rest of the known world. As a result, evangelism carried out later by the apostles would be easier and more acceptable. 3. Because it was located on the Via Maris, Roman soldiers were stationed here to monitor all traffic and activities in the area that was overseen by a centurion, the one who built the community's synagogue (Luke 7:5). It was also equipped with a customs office and tax collection station. 4. Today, Capernaum is shared between two sites. The Franciscan site receives around 90% of visitors, as it features the synagogue, Peter’s home, village ruins, ancient artifacts, and provides nice access to the beach. The Greek Orthodox site has chosen to remain basically unexcavated and serene. Historical Background 1. The name Capernaum is derived from two words: Caper, which means "village," and Naum, which means "rest," and is also from the title, Nahum. Therefore, some believe that the town was named after the Prophet Nahum, and some believe it was simply a place of rest. 2. Capernaum was a fishing village with a population of around 1,000 during the time of Christ. It encompassed what is today both the Franciscan and Greek Orthodox sites. 3. Capernaum became the hometown of Jesus after He moved from his boyhood home of Nazareth. It also became the ministry headquarters of Christ during His earthly ministry. Matthew 4:13–17: And leaving Nazareth he went and lived in Capernaum by the sea, in the territory of Zebulun and Naphtali, 14 so that what was spoken by the prophet Isaiah might be fulfilled: 15 "The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles— 16 the people dwelling in darkness have seen a great light, and for those dwelling in the region and shadow of death, on them a light has dawned." 17 From that time Jesus began to preach, saying, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand." Why was the Galilee area called "Galilee of the Gentiles ?" After the Assyrian conquest around 722 BC, the Assyrians removed a significant portion of the Jewish population and imported people from other areas they had conquered into the region. Later, after the Babylonian conquest, the Jews repopulated the area. However, many of these foreigners remained in the area, so it was called Galilee of the Gentiles. 4. Capernaum is mentioned more than any other town around the Sea of Galilee. 5. Capernaum was also the home of Peter, James, Andrew, John, and Matthew. 6. The Synagogue in Capernaum was built by a Roman Centurion, of whom Jesus healed his servant. Luke 7:5 says regarding this centurion, “For he loves our nation, and he is the one who built us our synagogue .” 7. The synagogue that existed during Christ’s time is made from black basalt stone, and its foundations are under the current synagogue, built out of limestone. 8. The current synagogue was built in the 4th century and was quite luxurious and impressive. This happened because Capernaum became a venerated site due to its role as the ministry base and home of Jesus and other apostles. 9. The home of the Apostle Peter has been identified, and a large modern church has been built over it. The location of Peter’s house is certain and has been verified by many substantial archaeological excavations. 10. Greek Orthodox site of Capernaum. This church was built in 1931 over the ruins of earlier churches and dedicated to the twelve apostles. Places of Interest 1. Peter's Home It has been clearly identified and verified by five layers of archaeological excavations. It has also been identified as the home of Jesus. This makes sense, as single people didn't live alone but with family or close friends. This is verified by the 1st-century AD graffiti, which includes words such as "Jesus," "Lord," "Christ," "Peter," "Amen," “Lord have mercy,” and “Lord, Jesus Christ, help your servant.” There were prayers on the walls, as well as pictures of branches, trees, flowers, fruit, and crosses. It contained the central kitchen and living quarters, with individual bedrooms connected to it. The original home's floor and some walls can still be seen today in the very center of the buildings. Layers of Evidence Layer 1: 50-75 AD ~ Early Christian believers marked out this site and began venerating and protecting it soon after the return of Christ to heaven. Layer 2: 375 AD ~ Christians built a wall around the home of Peter to protect and set it apart from the other homes of Capernaum. This wall would be outside the octagonal church walls built around 450 AD. This building was likely used as a church as well. Layer 3: 475 AD ~ An octagon-shaped church with a small apse was built over the earlier church. The apse points east. A Pilgrim of Placenza who visited this site during this time period also verifies this. This church was destroyed by the Persians in 614 AD. It would lie abandoned for some time. Layer 4: 1100 AD ~ During the Crusader period, several structures were built in the area of the abandoned earlier church. Layer 5: 1990 AD ~ In 1990, the current church was built over Peter’s house’s previous ruins. You can walk inside it and look down at the ruins through a glass floor in the church. 2 . Village Houses Millstone These homes were constructed with black basalt boulders. Most of the homes are not built by hewn, squared-off stones, but rather by naturally rounded stones that are held in place by smaller stones and gravity. A typical home in a Galilean town was called an insula. It consisted of a large central courtyard, with several modest homes extending off in every direction. The roofs were made of either stone or wooden beams and thatching, mixed with mud. The floors were very bumpy cobblestone. 3 . The Synagogue The lower synagogue, constructed from basalt rock, dates back to the time of Jesus. The current synagogue, constructed from limestone, dates back to the latter part of the fourth century (375 AD). About 10 feet (3 m.) from the entrance inside the church, there was a raised platform, called a bema, where the Old Testament Scrolls were read. Jesus likely taught from this platform on several occasions. Mark 1:21–22: And they went into Capernaum , and immediately on the Sabbath, he entered the synagogue and was teaching. And they were astonished at his teaching, for he taught them as one who had authority, and not as the scribes. The synagogue has an adjacent building that was likely used for studying the Scriptures, a schoolroom for children, and a meeting area. This synagogue had two levels. The lower level was designated for men, and the upper level was reserved for women. The Torah Scroll Cart would be rolled into the center of the synagogue to read the Scriptures. The people would sit around the edges of the synagogue. The synagogue also functioned as a community meeting place and school. This pillar on the left features an inscription written in Latin, commemorating the Italian archaeologist Father Gaudenzio Orfali for his work in reconstructing the White Synagogue in 1921. This ancient pillar, located on the right, was erected during the construction of the white synagogue, and the inscription on it is written in Greek. It says, “Herod, son of Monimos and Justus, his son, together with his children, erected this column.” 4. The Open-Air Courtyard beside the synagogue. This was added to the white synagogue around 450 AD. There was a roofed portico on three sides, and it was probably not used for religious purposes, but rather as a community meeting room. On the floor of this courtyard are inscribed Roman strategy board games. 5. Ancient A rtifacts Stairs that led up to the second story of the synagogue during Jesus' time. Olive Press and a Gethsemane (press for crushing olives). The first press of olives, called "virgin oil," was sent to the temple in Jerusalem. The second press was used for cooking and eating, as well as for lubrication, ointments, medicinal purposes, and oil lamps. Via Maris Roman Road Post Marker ~ This verifies that Capernaum was located on the Via Maris. Pillar inscribed with a family name (Alphaeus) mentioned in the Bible. The marker says: "Alphaeus, the son of Zebedee, the son of John, made this column. May it be for him a blessing." This column was created and donated by a family member of Matthew's several generations later. Mark 2:13-14: As He passed by, He saw Levi [Matthew] the son of Alphaeus sitting in the tax office, and He said to him, “Follow Me!” And he got up and followed Him. Alphaeus was a family last name. A Frieze with a Star ~ Some misunderstand this star and think it refers to the Star of David. Actually, it refers to a verse in the Bible found in Numbers 24:17: "I see him, but not now; I look at him, but not near; a star shall appear from Jacob, a scepter shall rise from Israel." So, it doesn't refer to the Star of David. The six-pointed star emerged in the 17th century AD and became the official seal of many Jewish communities, as well as a general symbol of Judaism. Torah Scroll Cart Stone Carving ~ This carving shows the Torah Scroll Cart, which would have scrolls inside and be rolled in and out of the synagogue when needed. Winepress ~ Grapes were crushed by foot to avoid crushing the seeds, which would make the wine bitter. 6. The modern church built over the home of Peter. It was built in 1990. It features a window on the floor in the center of the church, allowing for viewing of the home of Peter below. 7. Statue of the Apostle Peter 8. Seashore There was a boat dock here. In Jesus’ day, this shore was bustling with the activity of sailing vessels, which would generally disembark in the evening and return early in the morning. In this area, Jesus preached from a boat about the parables of the Kingdom. Capernaum in the Bible 1. Christ left Nazareth to live and set up His ministry base in Capernaum. Matthew 4:13-16: And leaving Nazareth he went and lived in Capernaum by the sea, in the territory of Zebulun and Naphtali. This happened so that what was spoken through Isaiah the prophet would be fulfilled: “The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, by the way of the sea, on the other side of the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles. The people who were sitting in darkness saw a great Light, and those who were sitting in the land and shadow of death, upon them a Light dawned.” This quotation from Isaiah 9:1–2 emphasizes that in this region where the Assyrians decimated and scattered the northern tribes of Israel, which brought darkness and death, would be the first to receive the light brought by the preaching of the Messiah. 2. Jesus frequently taught in the Synagogue in Capernaum. Mark 1:21–28: And they went into Capernaum , and immediately on the Sabbath, he entered the synagogue and was teaching . 22 And they were astonished at his teaching, for he taught them as one who had authority, and not as the scribes. 23 And immediately there was in their synagogue a man with an unclean spirit. And he cried out, 24 "What have you to do with us, Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who you are—the Holy One of God." 25 But Jesus rebuked him, saying, "Be silent, and come out of him!" 26 And the unclean spirit, convulsing him and crying out with a loud voice, came out of him. 27 And they were all amazed, so that they questioned among themselves, saying, "What is this? A new teaching with authority! He commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey him." 28 And at once his fame spread everywhere throughout all the surrounding region of Galilee. 3. Jesus healed Peter’s mother and many others here in Capernaum. Mark 1:29–34: And immediately he left the synagogue and entered the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John. 30 Now Simon's mother-in-law lay ill with a fever, and immediately they told him about her. 31 And he came and took her by the hand and lifted her up, and the fever left her, and she began to serve them. 32 That evening at sundown they brought to him all who were sick or oppressed by demons. 33 And the whole city was gathered together at the door. 34 And he healed many who were sick with various diseases, and cast out many demons. And he would not permit the demons to speak, because they knew him. 4. In Capernaum, Jesus forgave and healed a paralyzed man. This likely happened right at the home where Jesus lived. Mark 2:1–5: And when he returned to Capernaum after some days, it was reported that he was at home. 2 And many were gathered together, so that there was no more room, not even at the door. And he was preaching the word to them. 3 And they came, bringing to him a paralytic carried by four men. 4 And when they could not get near him because of the crowd, they removed the roof above him, and when they had made an opening, they let down the bed on which the paralytic lay. 5 And when Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, "Son, your sins are forgiven.” 5. Christ marveled at the great faith of a centurion in Capernaum. Luke 7:1–10: After he had finished all his sayings in the hearing of the people, he entered Capernaum . 2 Now a centurion had a servant who was sick and at the point of death, who was highly valued by him. 3 When the centurion heard about Jesus, he sent to him elders of the Jews, asking him to come and heal his servant. 4 And when they came to Jesus, they pleaded with him earnestly, saying, “He is worthy to have you do this for him, 5 for he loves our nation, and he is the one who built us our synagogue.” 6 And Jesus went with them. When he was not far from the house, the centurion sent friends, saying to him, “Lord, do not trouble yourself, for I am not worthy to have you come under my roof. 7 Therefore I did not presume to come to you. But say the word, and let my servant be healed. 8 For I too am a man set under authority, with soldiers under me: and I say to one, ‘Go,’ and he goes; and to another, ‘Come,’ and he comes; and to my servant, ‘Do this,’ and he does it.” 9 When Jesus heard these things, he marveled at him, and turning to the crowd that followed him, said, “I tell you, not even in Israel have I found such faith.” 10 And when those who had been sent returned to the house, they found the servant well. 6. The Parables of the Kingdom were preached close to Capernaum. Matthew 13:1–3: That same day Jesus went out of the house and sat by the lake. 2 Such large crowds gathered around him that he got into a boat and sat in it, while all the people stood on the shore. 3 And He spoke many things to them in parables. 7. The miracle of Peter getting money from a fish's mouth to pay the temple tax for himself and Jesus happened in Capernaum. Matthew 17:24-27: When they came to Capernaum, the collectors of the two-drachma tax went up to Peter and said, "Does your teacher not pay the tax?" 25 He said, "Yes." And when he came into the house, Jesus spoke to him first, saying, "What do you think, Simon? From whom do kings of the earth take toll or tax? From their sons or from others?" 26 And when he said, "From others," Jesus said to him, "Then the sons are free. 27 However, not to give offense to them, go to the sea and cast a hook and take the first fish that comes up, and when you open its mouth you will find a shekel. Take that and give it to them for me and for yourself. 8. Jesus called Matthew, the tax collector, close to Capernaum. Matthew 9:9: As Jesus passed on from there [Capernaum], he saw a man called Matthew sitting at the tax booth, and he said to him, “Follow me.” And he rose and followed him. 9. Capernaum was one of the three towns Christ cursed because of their unbelief in Him. Matthew 11:23–24: And you, Capernaum, will you be exalted to heaven? You will be brought down to Hades. For if the mighty works done in you had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day. 24 But I tell you that it will be more tolerable on the Day of Judgment for the land of Sodom than for you. Faith Lesson from Capernaum 1. Christ astonished the large crowds who followed him because He taught with authority. He was completely different from all other teachers because He was God in the flesh. Are we astonished today as we read Christ’s teachings in His Word? 2. Christ healed multitudes of people in and around Capernaum. He also showed that He was God as He forgave their sins. Forgiving sins is something only God can do. Do we believe Christ was God in the flesh? 3. Christ marveled at the great faith of a Roman Centurion. Do we trust God in such a way that He would marvel at our faith? 4. Unfortunately, Christ cursed the town of Capernaum because of their unbelief in Him. After all they had seen, and after many of them had been healed by Jesus, they still were filled with unbelief. Unbelief is, therefore, a sin. Do we have unbelief in Christ and who He claimed to be? Do we also have unbelief in trusting Him in our daily lives when things don’t seem to make sense?

Orientation help for groups traveling to Israel. What to expect, packing list, group travel dynamics, seeing the holy sites, and more. Holy Land Travel Orientation Holy Land Travel Orientation Please understand that much of what there is to see in the Holy Land is hidden from many who walk her paths. They are unseen spiritual truths, revealed only to the sensitive and spiritually inclined heart. This page is desig ned to help you get the most out of your travels in the Holy Land. The following are nine orientation se ctions we highly recommend you acquaint yourself with before departing on your Holy Land Trip to Israel: Sectio n 1: Historical Periods in Israel's History Section 2: Preparing Yourself to See the Holy Sites in Israel Section 3: How to Get the Most Out of Your Holy Land Trip Section 4 : Understanding Group Travel Dynamics Section 5: Travel Tips for Israel Section 6 : Packing List Section 7: Staying Connected While In Israel Section 8: Getting Around In Israel for Personal Use Sec tion 9 : Orientation Meeting In Israel Helpful Airport Orientation Videos Below are two helpful videos that show exactly what to expect and the process you'll need to follow for arriving and departing Ben Gurion Airport in Israel. In the arrival video, you'll see: Where to get your tourist visa. Going through the Passport Checkpoint area. Proceeding to the baggage claim area. Going through customs with luggage. Exiting the airport. Getting a taxi. In the departure video, you'll see: Security checkpoints. Luggage check-in. Terminal layout, and more. Anchor 1 Holy Land Travel Orientation Section 1 Historical Periods in Israel’s History Why is it essential to understand a brief overview of the historical periods of Israel? The Holy Land is an ancient place, one of the oldest in the world. While in the Holy Land, you’ll be seeing things as old as 6,000 years. That’s old! Different periods of history will be referred to when describing Israel’s holy sites and places. Please note that at a particular site, several key events are likely to have occurred. Each event will have happened during a specific period in Israel’s history. If you can understand the different periods a little, you’ll get much more out of your experience. Please click here for the Historical Timeline of Israel Anchor 2 Holy Land Travel Orientation Section 2 Preparing Yourself to See the Holy Sites in Israel The Need to Understand What You’re Going to See It would be wonderful if the Holy Land were exactly the same as it was 2,000 years ago when Christ walked its paths, or 4,000 years ago when Abraham traversed its hillsides and valleys. However, 4,000 years is a long time, and many changes have occurred during this span. It’s hard for us to understand, but 4,000 or even 2,000 years is a long time! Because of its strategic location in the world, no other country has had as many kingdoms occupy it, or as many battles fought on its soil, as Israel. This, along with time, has led to many changes in Israel and its holy sites. The good news is that many of the biblical sites are in their natural state and appear much the same as they did when the events that occurred there took place. Other sites have had monuments, churches, or basilicas built near or on them, and are not exactly as they appeared when the events that occurred there happened, but mark the spot where they did happen. Understanding What Some of The Holy Sites Will Be Like Many of these monuments, churches, or basilicas will have a distinctly Catholic, Arabic, or Middle Eastern style. They’re very different from what we’re accustomed to seeing, and at first glance, you might find this unattractive. You also might disagree with the religious backgrounds of some of these sites and feel somewhat uncomfortable as well. In addition, you most likely will find other people visiting the Holy Land from different countries who are actually worshipping and kissing some of the adornments on these sites. On a previous trip to Israel, some members of our group found this aspect somewhat repulsive and chose not to enter specific holy sites. Because of these possible adverse reactions, we would like to provide you with a bit of background and history about how these sacred sites have been preserved so your sightseeing experience can be the best as possible during your time in the Holy Land. A Little History Even before the time of Christ and afterward, many of the holy sites were marked out and preserved. Then, about 300 years after the time of Christ, the Roman Empire (world power at that time) embraced Christianity. At that time, the mother of Emperor Constantine (Helena) was one of the first members of the royal family to convert to Christianity. Later, Emperor Constantine also did so. Helena came to the Holy Land and wanted to preserve some of the holy sites, so she had churches, monuments, and basilicas built over some of the key holy places. These included the Church of the Holy Sepulture, Church of the Nativity, Basilica in the Garden of Gethsemane, Church of the Annunciation, and others. Helena and others throughout history felt such emotion and awe at these holy sites that they wanted to honor and preserve them for future generations. The Early Church was the first to oversee these sites during this period. As the Early Church gradually evolved into what we now know as the Catholic Church, many of these holy sites came under its care. The monuments, churches, and basilicas were not always Catholic in nature, so we shouldn’t assume that they shared the same religious views at their inception. There were others as well that came to the Holy Land to build churches, monuments, and basilicas on these holy sites (Armenians, Russians, Greeks, etc.). Their hearts felt the same awe and emotion as others who came, so they, too, built on or by these holy sites to honor and preserve them. Some of these holy sites are ancient (from as old as 5,000 years), and the churches have a Middle Eastern style look. Gratefulness to Those Who Preserved the Holy Sites If it hadn't been for those who preserved the biblical sites, they would have been lost or had other buildings, roads, and infrastructure built over them. They would have been lost to the world forever. These early pilgrims felt the same awe and emotion you will feel. We certainly can’t fault them for this. Due to the numerous adornments and constructions over the centuries, it's challenging to envision how some of these sites would have appeared in their original setting. However, the years of activity and tradition at these holy sites give greater weight to their authenticity. And while we might disagree with the decorations and atmosphere of these places, we should appreciate and admire all the devotion and sacrifice made to preserve them. Some Might Find These Churches, Monuments, and Basilicas Repulsive Part of the reason some might find the places they see in Israel repulsive will have to do with a difference in religious faith. Another reason is due to a misunderstanding of style. These holy sites have a very different style than what we’re accustomed to in modern churches. Closing Thoughts 1. Entering these churches, monuments, and basilicas to see these holy sites doesn’t mean we’re in any way embracing and accepting their religious beliefs. 2. While the style, religious background, and adornments might not be to our taste, the motives of those who preserved these sites seem to be noble and honorable. As you see these sites, you will understand why these early pilgrims wanted to preserve them. 3. It’s important to note that we, from a modern mindset, have different views and tastes regarding building styles. Because to us, something 200-400 years old might seem really ancient, we need to realize that seeing something 1,500 years old has an entirely different architectural look and sense to it than what we’re accustomed to seeing. Hopefully, this info is helpful. As mentioned, on a previous trip to Israel, some individuals didn’t fully understand these concepts beforehand, and it took them a bit to grasp them. It was a self-discovery process. For this reason, this orientation and background are provided so you can get the most out of your Holy Land Experience Trip and not get bogged down in this area. Anchor 3 Holy Land Travel Orientation Section 3 How to Get the Most Out of Your Holy Land Trip How to See What Many Don’t See in the Holy Land Understand that half of what there is to see in the Holy Land is hidden from most who walk her paths. They are unseen spiritual truths, only revealed to the sensitive and spiritual of heart. Try to get as close to God as you can prior to and during your time in the Holy Land, so you can see and hear things that many don’t see during their visit there. The Holy Land is not just places and historical artifacts; it’s an experience, an experience that is spiritual in nature and eye-opening for those who can see in this realm. You Won’t Be Able to See Everything It would be great to see every detail at every holy site, but that would take months, if not years, to do. It’s important to understand that there is a lot to see and, therefore, just the highlights can be seen. You’ll be eating the frosting off the cake and won’t be able to eat the whole thing. As a result, please don’t be discouraged if you can’t spend as much time in each place as you’d wish. You’ll have to move along to see just the highlights, and if you stay too long at one place, that means you’ll be saying “No” to another. Your Trip Won’t be Perfect It would be fantastic if you could be guaranteed a perfect trip with a perfect experience, but that’s just not reality. Going to the Holy Land is undoubtedly the closest you’ll get to the “Trip of a Lifetime,” but please don’t get your hopes up so high that you’re let down and feel discouraged if it doesn’t turn out as you dreamed. Your trip won’t be perfect. Your leader and the rest of your group will probably not live up to your expectations either. The only perfect person on the trip will be you (well, maybe not exactly perfect, but pretty close to it, lol). So just prepare yourself to understand that things just aren’t going to be flawless. Trust God for Your Experience It’s also easy to have preconceived ideas of what to expect: the emotions you’re going to feel, the dreams you might have of the Holy Land, and the experience you want to have. Please try to set some of these aside and trust God to give you the experience He has for you. Don’t get everything built up so high that it would be impossible to fulfill them. Trust God to bless you and teach you what He has for you. He’s the One who’s worked everything out for you to go, and I’m certain He has special things to teach you. Trust in Him and be looking for what He has for you. And after everything is said and done, be content with what He gives you. It’s His trip, and you need to be happy with the outcome, whatever it may be. Holy Land Travel Orientation Section 4 Understanding Group Travel Dynamics Traveling with Others Part of the joy and richness of your Holy Land Experience will come from sharing it with others. Going somewhere alone is never as much fun as doing it with someone else. The impact and fullness of the experience will come alive as it’s experienced as a group rather than as an individual or couple. For this reason, you’ll want to consider a few things to make your Holy Land Experience as good as possible. Try to Think as a Group and Not as an Individual Traveling as a group is very different from traveling as an individual or couple. There will be other team members in your group, and each person needs to realize they’re part of a larger event than just themselves. The entire team will depend on one another to be punctual, courteous, thoughtful, and pleasant. Try to take into consideration that what you do affects everyone else on the team. Try to Keep Up with the Group It will be important that you keep up with the group and not linger too long seeing things during your travels. Because you’ll be seeing some really interesting things, it will be easy to get lost in these and forget that there are other things to see as well. Pleas e Be Punctual Everything from wake-up times, mealtimes, arrival times, departure times, and the sightseeing schedule for each day needs to be considered. Because you are spending a significant amount of money and taking precious time out of your busy life to experience the Holy Land, you’ll want to be as punctual as possible so that you and your team can see everything as planned. Your group can only be as fast as the slowest person, so try to be punctual and thoughtful of others. If you tend to be a late person, consider getting a head start on things by starting earlier than usual so you can be on time. Please Be Patient & Courteous Be aware that sometime during the trip, you’ll likely feel tired, a bit irritated with others, or upset at something that’s happened. Do your best to overlook the faults of others and try to keep yourself in check. Also, realize that we have an enemy who will do his best to take away from our experience by using others or problems. Be alert and prayerful! Keep yourself close to God and do your best to love others, and take everything in stride. Try to Be Rested Up Before Your Holy Land Trip Because you’re going to be expending a lot of energy during the trip, try to get as rested as possible before departure. To illustrate this point, we’ll use the term “gauges” to help clarify our discussion. We all know that most of our vehicles have gauges, such as a gas gauge, a temperature gauge, and an oil gauge. Using this analogy for our bodies, we also have bodily gauges. We have physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual gauges. Before your trip, try to get your bodily gauges as full as possible. By doing so, you’ll get more out of your trip and be more joyful and patient with others. Here are a few tips for filling up your bodily gauges before trip departure: Try to scale down on your activities and output before the trip. For example, cut back on meetings, outings, get-togethers, and social events. Get plenty of sleep. Get plenty of exercise (you’ll be doing quite a bit of walking, so try to get in walking shape before the trip). Get as many of your responsibilities and commitments done ahead of time, and don’t wait until the last minute to take care of things. There will be plenty of last-minute things to do, so don’t add to them by procrastinating. Try to get packed and ready at your earliest convenience. If you need to shop for trip items, try to do so plenty of time in advance. By doing the following, you’ll start your trip with your bodily gauges full and not empty. And when you think about it, who would start a long journey with their car having an empty gas tank and little or no oil in the engine? Anchor 4 Holy Land Travel Orientation Section 5 Travel Tips for Israel 1. Get in shape physically before you go to Israel. You will be doing a lot of walking, so the better shape you’re in, the easier and more pleasant your time will be. Several months before your trip, start walking for at least 15 minutes a day. 2. Activate your credit/debit cards before departure to Israel. 3. Make sure your Passport is up to date and valid. It must have at least 6 months remaining before expiration (of your dates in Israel) to be valid. 4. Don’t shave your body before taking a dip in the Dead Sea. The salt and minerals will irritate your skin. 5. Don’t show public display of affection with the opposite sex, especially on the Temple Mount and Muslim sites. 6. Don’t be afraid to bargain for purchases at marketplaces. It’s expected, so take part in it. 7. Carry a water bottle and stay hydrated. 8. Pack layered types of clothing instead of heavy clothes. 9. Carry your personal items in a safe place on your person. 10. Take a good camera or video camera. 11. Please understand that smoking cigarettes is common in Israel and the Middle East. 12. Many Israelis are not religious, but secular. This might seem weird, but it’s true. 13. Carry a copy of your passport and driver's license with you. 14. Women should dress very modestly, especially when visiting holy sites. Ladies should bring a large scarf or shawl to cover themselves when necessary. 15. Men should wear hats when visiting Jewish holy sites. 16. Men should not wear hats when visiting Christian holy sites. 17. Men should not wear shorts or tank tops when visiting holy sites like churches, Temple Mount, etc. Anchor 5 Holy Land Travel Orientation Section 6 Packing List General Items Travel Bible or smartphone with Bible app Journal and pen for taking notes Plug adapter for plugging devices into the outlets in Israel. Click here for purchase options Note: The outlets in Israel are different from the States. You’ll need this adapter for plugging things in to be charged, etc. Also, electricity in Israel is 220 volts. In America, it’s 110 volts. Many electronic devices today can adapt to both voltages, such as smartphones, tablets, etc. If this is all you'll be charging, then a plug-in like this is all you'll need. Lightweight Portable Chair. Click here for purchase options Note: Chairs are optional, but you might find them handy for our Bible teachings. Charger converter needed for Israel (Needed for charging cameras and etc.). Click here for purchase options Note: Electricity in Israel is 220 volts. In America, it’s 110 volts. Many electronic devices today can adapt to both voltages. If you plan to take an item that cannot use 220 volts, then the above link is a charger converter you’ll need. Travel alarm or smartphone that has this capability Flashlight (mini) or smartphone that has this capability Camera or smartphone that has this capability Film or Storage Disks for your camera (bring plenty, because it's much more expensive in Israel) Many people find it helpful to take Ziplock baggies or small plastic containers to put their lunches in. Clothes Weather In Israel During Your Visit Sea of Galilee & Jordan Valley Sites Daytime highs: 85-95°F, 30-35 °C. Nighttime lows: 65-75°F, 18-24 ° C Jerusalem Area Sites Daytime highs: 75-85°F, 24-30 ° C. Nighttime lows: 60-70 °F, 15-21 ° C Dressing in layers is best when considering your clothes. It rarely ever rains during the time of year we visit Israel. Usually, it's warm and pleasant. Special clothing requirements apply when visiting sites such as the Temple Mount, many churches, and other religious sites. Ladies: Please bring a large scarf or shawl to cover yourself when visiting these religious sites. You must also dress modestly, ensuring that your knees and shoulders are covered. Men: You will not be able to enter many religious sites if you are wearing shorts or tank tops. Therefore, we recommend avoiding the use of these items during the day. However, they can generally be worn during your free time in the evenings if desired. General Clothing Swimsuit, beach shoes, and a plastic bag for the Dead Sea experience, if you want to get in the water Light jacket Sturdy walking shoes with traction for the many stone paths and roads you’ll traverse. FYI ~ Many of the streets are paved with stone, so it's challenging to wear shoes with awkward heels/soles on uneven pavement. Sleepwear Hat for sun protection purposes Day Pack/Back Pack (can be used as a carry-on and for travel in Israel) Ziplock bags for lunches and items you might find while in Israel. Umbrella - Small contractible type Sunglasses Other Clothing and Shoes Baptismal Site of Jesus Everyone is welcome to get baptized, regardless of whether you've already been baptized. Many folks do it just for the experience of being baptized in the same place Jesus was. If you plan to get baptized, please bring some baptismal attire (regular swimwear or casual clothes are acceptable). You may also want to bring some sandals or shoes for the water. The baptismal site has wooden steps that lead to the water, so there's very little walking you'll do in the water. The water will be cool but not cold. It should be quite warm, so you'll dry off fast and warm up quickly if you get a little cold. Also, bring a small towel or something to dry off with afterward. Hezekiah's Water Tunnel If you plan to walk through Hezekiah's water tunnel in the City of David, it is recommended that you wear shoes of some kind. The ground is somewhat rough, so you'll definitely need some foot protection. Washing Clothes in Israel Every hotel we use in Israel offers laundry service. However, most people simply wash their clothes in the sink or shower and hang them up to dry. Toiletries In Israel, most products are available. However, prices in Israel tend to be higher. The following are some reminders of items you might want to take: Shampoo/Conditioner Soap Toothbrush Toothpaste Deodorant Lip balm Razor After-shave Band-Aids Feminine items Sunscreen Tylenol/ Ibuprofen Eyeglasses/ contact lenses Any prescription medicine Money We recommend bringing approximately $300 USD for emergency use, if needed. A credit card is the best way to pay for things in Israel, as it offers the best exchange rate. However, some local vendors will not accept credit cards, so Shekels are best for that (US Dollars are also accepted by local vendors selling to tourists). Shekels can be drawn out from most ATMs in Israel. Therefore, there is no need to go to your bank to get them ahead of time. At our first hotel in Tel Aviv, an ATM is conveniently located nearby. Food & Lunches The day of arrival in Israel (unless you arrive earlier) will be a Sabbath evening . This means all Jewish stores, restaurants, and so forth will close early (usually starting around 3:00 pm). This can present challenges for eating and preparing lunch for the next day. If you will be arriving after 3:00 pm, you can eat dinner at the hotel or buy something ahead of time. Some places will be open, but very few. For the next day's sack lunch, you can either buy something ahead of time or take extra items from the breakfast buffet at the hotel (the hotel staff seems okay with this). Breakfast - The hotels will provide breakfast if desired. Some will provide dinners as well. These can be paid for when you book your lodging or at the hotels. It's ideal to eat breakfast at the hotels as it's handy. However, you can eat your breakfast at a local restaurant or prepare it yourself. Lunch - Since eating out is expensive in Israel, time-consuming with a large group, and we will not always be close to a restaurant, each trip participant will prepare their own daily sack lunch. Each day around noon, we will take a break to eat, or you can eat and snack at your leisure. Lunch items can be purchased at local grocery stores, or additional items from the breakfast buffets at the hotels can be taken (the hotels seem to be okay with this). The hotels will have refrigerators in the rooms if needed. Dinner – On your own. Enjoy the local culture as you dine at local restaurants or at the hotel, if you prefer. Note: Many people find it helpful to pack their lunches in Ziplock baggies or small plastic containers. Luggage Size & Amount We don't have a specific luggage size and number allowance per person, but we suggest not exceeding 40-50 lbs (18-22 kg) per piece of luggage, as it makes handling easier. The lighter, the better. You will be responsible for handling your luggage during the trip, so please pack only what you can comfortably lift. Documents & Items to Carry with You at all Times There are several options for carrying your money and important documents on your trip. You can use a money belt (waist-style or necklace-style) or pockets on your pants or shirt that can be buttoned and secured. Passport ~ Must not expire until 6 months after your trip. Copy of your Passport Driver's License Printed or screenshots of your payment receipts for our trip to Israel, in case you are interviewed by Israeli security at the airports (because of security purposes, Israel often interviews travelers at incoming and outgoing airports) Credit/Debit Card (make sure to activate your cards for Israel or international travel) Note: It’s a good idea to activate your debit card so you can withdraw Shekels for spending in Israel. ELECTRONIC TRAVEL DOCUMENT FOR ENTRY INTO ISRAEL (ETA-IL) Travelers from visa-exempt countries (meaning they don't need to obtain a visa before arrival in Israel, but instead receive one upon landing) must obtain an ETA-IL before their planned travel to Israel. ETA-IL is designed to smoothen border control upon arrival in Israel and ensure Israel's national security. How long is an ETA-IL valid? Obtaining an ETA-IL indicates you can travel to Israel as a tourist and stay up to 90 days. Your ETA-IL authorization is generally valid for multiple trips over a period of up to two years from the date your application is approved, or until your passport expires, whichever comes first. What does the ETA-IL application cost? 25 NIS ($7.50 USD) per applicant. How to apply for an ETA-IL? The application is made online through the Israeli Population and Immigration Authority website. Here's the link: ETA-IL (piba.gov.il) When to Apply? Please do so no later than two weeks before the departure date of the Israel trip. However, it can be done sooner if you'd like. VISA INFO Travel visas for Israel are issued upon arrival at the airport. Self-service kiosks are available where you scan your passport, and a printed visa will be provided. It's essential to keep this visa safe, as you will be required to present it multiple times during your stay. For convenience, you may place it inside your passport. Anchor 6 Holy Land Travel Orientation Section 7 Staying Connected While In Israel Staying connected with loved ones back home and having Internet access is a high priority for many. Additionally, being connected to the Internet would be very helpful in accessing our HolyLandSite.com website, where you can view and follow along during our Bible studies and tours of each site we'll be visiting in Israel. Additionally, it would be beneficial to access info during your free time in the evenings if you wanted to investigate sites of interest, dining options, directions, and so forth. What are the options for staying connected while in Israel? Here are some options to consider: 1. In many cases, you can use your phone in Israel if you add an international plan with your cell provider. Just check with your provider to learn about the cost and availability of this service. 2. You can purchase an Israeli SIM card. A physical SIM card can be mailed to your home before leaving for Israel and then activated upon arrival in Israel (I believe these are only available for those in the United States, but you could call them and see). A SIM card service we use is TalknSave . 3. If your phone has the capability, an eSIM card (requires no physical SIM card, and is all digital) can be purchased on the Internet and activated at your home, anywhere in the world. For this option, we use TalknSave . 4. You can purchase a SIM card at Ben Gurion Airport upon arrival. Here are some links for this option: Buying a SIM Card at Tel Aviv Airport - Traveltomtom.net Israeli SIM cards | SimToIsrael | Tour Israel Jerusalem Tel-Aviv Anchor 7 Anchor 8 Holy Land Travel Orientation Section 8 Getting Around In Israel for Personal Use Public Bus Company - Egged Where will you find Egged buses? Almost everywhere. Egged is the biggest bus company in Israel. They usually operate as intercity buses, except for some cases in Northern Israel. Egged is also the main player in most Israeli cities, except for the Tel Aviv area. Their buses are completely green. Lately, they’ve also added a fleet of greyish buses. Useful Travel Apps Google Maps - This is our favorite. It has great maps in English, and you can use it to see exactly where you need to go. It also shows the live bus arrival times. Taxis Only use recognized, marked taxis in Israel. Sometimes, private people will act like a taxi service, but they are not. This can be risky. The taxis are easily recognizable with their distinct black and yellow taxi sign on their rooftops. The taxi fare you will pay to whichever city in Israel you are traveling to has a legally fixed price. This will depend on the time of the day that you are traveling (after 9.15 pm, there is a surcharge of +25%). There will also be an extra charge for more than two passengers, and if you have a large amount of luggage, you may have to pay another 5-10 NIS. Taxi drivers also charge an extra 5 NIS when leaving the airport. Catching a Taxi from the Street It is still common practice to hail a taxi on the streets in Israel. There are two ways to set the price: 1. Ask the driver to turn on the meter. This is a good way to ensure you do not get overcharged. The meter will begin at a standard minimum charge and then go up from there. Drivers are also required to present you with a receipt at the end of the journey, should you ask for one. 2. Negotiate a fee with the driver before you get into the taxi. Make sure you agree on a fair price for both of you so there are no nasty surprises when you arrive at your destination. Taxi Apps In Israel Booking a taxi using an app on your smartphone is increasingly popular now. Following are several options. Yango Taxi Israel - This is an app where you can set your destination and see the estimated cost of your ride almost immediately. You can also track your ride in the App and see exactly when it will arrive. It’s an easy-to-use service that works both on Android and iOS telephones. Yango lets you book a ride with multiple destinations and can also suggest alternative pickup points to reach your destination faster and at a cheaper price. Because the price is upfront, it will stay the same, even if you are delayed by traffic. Gett - About 8,000 of Israel's 25,000 cab drivers now use Gett, an Israeli company once known as Gett Taxi. Gett Taxi app in Israel does not actually own taxis or employ drivers but simply takes a fee for introducing passengers and drivers and acting as a third party for payments. Like Yango, the system is transparent, so passengers can’t be overcharged. Also, it’s easy to pay by credit card. Uber - Uber is smaller than Yango or Gett, so response times might be a bit longer. Ordering an Uber driver costs 8 NIS from the time you get in the car, then 1 NIS for every minute you spend in it, plus 2 NIS for every kilometer. The hotels can also order you taxis if needed. Light Rail System This is a great way to travel while in Jerusalem or Tel Aviv. Transportation on the Sabbath Starting Friday afternoon (around 3:00pm) all public transportation in Israel will begin shutting down and won't resume until Saturday evening around 7:00 pm. Getting around during this time is limited to walking, or taxis. Anchor 9 Holy Land Travel Orientation Section 9 Orientation Meeting In Israel Our orientation meeting is designed to help you have the best possible experience in the Holy Land. We Admire You You have made many sacrifices to make this trip a reality. You have done this because you love the Lord and want to know Him and all He did in the Holy Land. Our prayer is that God will be our teacher and minister to our hearts and souls in a mighty way during our time here. Get Acquainted Time We'll begin our orientation meeting in Israel by getting acquainted. Each person is welcome to state their name and where they're from. Name Tags Each person will receive a nametag that can be worn around the neck. Please wear it every day. This way, we can identify those in our group, and you won't get mixed up with other tour groups . Device Equipment Package At our get-acquainted and orientation meeting in Israel, we will provide you with a package containing several items. Wireless audio receiver. Neck strap for wireless receiver. Receiver charger cable. Audio earpiece with cable to connect to the wireless receiver. Nametag Nametag neck strap, or clip. Charger for charging the audio receiver in Israel. The wireless receiver will allow you to hear your tour guide, Dr. Todd Fink, at all times during the tour, which will be very helpful. At the orientation meeting, we'll show you how to use them. They're simple to operate. It will be your responsibility to keep them charged. You can do this each evening so that they will be ready the next day. If you have any issues with them during the tour, we will be happy to help you. At the end of the tour, we will need all the loaned equipment returned, except your nametag and holder. They're yours to keep. Please return your equipment in the original plastic ziplock bag in which it was received. Thank you. Lunches Since eating out is expensive and time-consuming in Israel, and we won't always be close to a restaurant, each person will need to prepare their own daily sack lunch. You can eat on the tour bus as we travel between sites. In Jerusalem, when we're not on the tour bus, we'll stop around noon to eat. Lunch items can be purchased at local grocery stores, or extra items and leftovers from the breakfast buffets at the hotels can be taken. The hotels will have refrigerators in the rooms if needed. Stay Hyd rat ed Water is the best way to stay hydra ted. Soda and most other drinks do not hydrate you; instead, they cause you to go to the bathroom more frequently. Many bathroom stops can significantly slow down our tour schedule. So, it's essential to stay hydrated with the best means possible, which is water. Bottled Water on the Tour Bus Bottled water is available on the tour bus for $1.00 USD per bottle. It is located at the front of the bus. Visiting the Tour Sites Our visits will typically last around two hours. We'll begin with an introduction to the site, then explore and experience its key points of interest. When touring the sites, we will take our time and walk at a leisurely pace, stopping along the way to explore and discuss the points of interest. We'll then find a quiet spot to reflect on the main events from the Bible that took place there and conclude with a faith lesson to learn the key truths God desires to teach us. Afterward, you'll have approximately 20 minutes to use the restroom and purchase souvenirs if desired. We'll tell you what time the tour bus will be departing. Dress Attire at the Tour Sites When visiting churches, synagogues, Muslim sites, and the Temple Mount, please dress modestly. Ladies can take a light shawl if needed. Long capris for ladies are acceptable. Everyone should be covered well below their knees. Bathroom Breaks You will have plenty of opportunities to use the bathrooms, but we will not be able to stop every time someone needs to use a bathroom. Stopping all the time can significantly slow down our trip and possibly cause us to miss some sites due to time constraints. As mentioned above, stay hydrated, but avoid drinking excessive fluids to prevent frequent trips to the bathroom. Also, it is easy to leave some folks behind in the bathrooms when touring the sites. If you don't have a travel companion, it would be helpful to find one and use the buddy system so you are not left behind. No Bathrooms on Tour Buses in Israel Israel doesn't allow any bathrooms on any buses in Israel. This is to prevent the discharge of sewage into unauthorized areas. Therefore, you will not have access to bathrooms on our tour bus. Video Filming As most of you are aware, we have a large YouTube Channel where we publish videos of the Bible in the Holy Land. In fact, most of you found this Israel tour trip through these videos. We will have our cameras rolling most of the time to gather more material for future videos. We are grateful for your understanding and consideration of this ministry to the Lord. We hope you will continue with everything as usual and consider it a blessing to be used by the Lord through these videos. Also, as w e tour the sites, please feel free to video, take photos, and so forth of our talks and teachings for your own use as well. We'll try to move slowly through the sites so you'll have plenty of time to capture your memories. Understanding Some of the Sites Some of you might not agree with the religious background of some of the churches we enter. Please understand that simply entering a church doesn't mean we are endorsing or agreeing with its views. These churches have preserved these sites over the years, allowing them to be seen today. We Won't Be Able to Wait in Long Lines at Some Sites The Church of the Nativity sometimes has long lines to enter the grotto area where Jesus was born. The wait can be several hours. If there is a long line, we'll still be able to see everything else in the church, just not the grotto. We'll see the grotto from the outside and look down into it, but not enter it. This is similar to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. To enter the tomb where Jesus was buried, one often encounters long lines as well. We'll still see everything else in the church, just not enter the tomb. We'll see the tomb from the outside and take a look inside, but not enter it. As mentioned, visiting the grotto of the Church of the Nativity and the tomb at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre can take several hours. If they are truly important to you, you will need to make arrangements to see them on your own. If we waited in the long lines, we would have to eliminate other sites on the tour schedule. Pass Along Directions While in crowded areas, please pass along turn directions so those behind you know where to go. Fro nt Seats on the Tour Bus Please save the first two rows of seats on the bus for Holy Land Site staff. We'll need space for camera equipment and other items. Thank you for your understanding. Tour Bus Departu re & Arrival Times From the Hotels We will meet in the main hotel lobby each day at 7:15 a.m. Then, we will leave the lobby promptly at 7:30 a.m. to board the tour bus. Unfortunately, we will not be able to search for late people, so it will be each person's responsibility to be on time. We have a schedule, and the bus will depart promptly at the indicated times . Thank you for your understanding. Return Time to Hotels Our goal is to return to the hotel we're staying at each day by 5:00 p.m. This will give you plenty of free time in the evenings to do as you please . Hotel Transfer Days When we change hotels, please prepare all your luggage for transportation. Please give yourself extra time to have your luggage with you when we depart the hotel lobby at 7:30 a.m. We suggest packing your luggage and getting everything ready the night before, so you're all ready for the next day. Also, check your rooms carefully when transferring to a new hotel. If you leave something behind, the tour bus won't be able to return to get it. We're sorry, but you'll have to make your own plans for this. When loading the tour bus with your luggage, anything for the day that you don't need should be stowed in the luggage department under the bus. Anything you need for the day for touring the sites, etc., you can take on the bus with you and stow above or under your seats. We Will Be Treating You As Responsible Adults Everyone will be responsible for being on time and ready to leave the hotels and sites we visit. We won't be able to search for you to make sure you're on the bus or ready to go at departure times. Again, we have a schedule, and the bus will depart promptly at the indicated times. Thanks again for your understanding. If You Miss the Tour Bus If, for any reason, you miss the tour bus, you will need to take a taxi to the next stop on the tour, where we will be. Our itinerary can be found on our website. Please Be Punc tual Your experience, along with everyone else in the group, will be so much better if each person is punctual. Our group can only be as fast as the slowest person, so try to be punctual and thoughtful of others. If you tend to be late, consider getting a head start on things by starting earlier than usual so you can be on time. Tour Trip Itinera ry If you don't have Internet service when you're away from your hotel, it would be wise to download the tour trip webpage to see the itinerary in case you are late and miss the tour bus. Digital Maps of Daily Trip Itinerary On the website trip itinerary, you will find a link to a Google Map Directory of the route and sites we'll visit each day at the bottom of each day's itinerary. Souvenirs & Purchases We will be somewhat limited as to how long we can shop for souvenirs. There is always a tension between shopping and seeing sites. If too much time is spent shopping, we might have to eliminate visiting a site from that day's agenda. During your free time (especially in Jerusalem), you can shop till you drop, so you might want to save your heavy shopping until these times. If you do see something at a site you must have, please make your purchases quickly so we can move along and see all the sites on the agenda for that day. At the end of each tour site, we will tell you what time the bus will depart. If you miss the bus, you'll need to get a taxi to our next stop. Unfortunately, we cannot search for each person who is late, so it's your responsibility to be on time. In Israel, everyone would like to sell you something. We can't stop the tour if you want to make a purchase. If you do make a purchase, you will need to find a way to catch up with the rest of the group. This is especially challenging while in Old City Jerusalem. Almost every vendor will try to stop you. Just smile and walk on. Please don't start talking to them, or you'll get left behind. They are professionals at starting a conversation with you to get you inside their stores. You will have plenty of free time to purchase items in Old City Jerusalem after the end of the tour day. Internet Service While In Israel If you don't have Internet access through your phone service, free Wi-Fi is provided at each hotel where we will be staying. The tour bus also has free Internet service. Touring In Jerusalem This will be slightly different than most places as we'll be on foot often. Be sure to stay with the group. We will use bathrooms along the way as needed. Please don't wander off, or you might get separated from the group. Volunteers to Carry Our Tour Group Flag In many cases, it's nice to have our group's small flag so everyone can see where the group begins. If you would like to help out, just let us know. We would be grateful for the help. Stay Toget her As We Tour It will be essential to stay together as a group while touring the sites. This way, you'll stay within range of the audio devices, allowing you to hear the talks clearly and avoid getting lost. Please don't be a straggler or lag behind. Please Don't Block Walkways As We Tour Be mindful of blocking walkways, aisles, and other areas. We want to be courteous and not cause others problems trying to get around or through our group. The Use of My Bible Over the years, I have come to rely on my cell phone for Bible teachings due to its convenience and ease of use. However, because I'm known in all our videos to be holding my Bible, I now put my cell phone in my Bible when teaching. When to Ask Questions During the site introductions and during the Bible teaching times, please refrain from asking questions. Otherwise, please feel free to ask any questions you may have. Shekels for Using Some of the Bathrooms Some bathrooms require a few Shekels to use. If possible, have a few Shekels for this (you can draw them out in Israel at an ATM). We will cover this for you if you don't have any Shekels. Take Photos on Your Phone & Make Copies of Your Passports & Identification In case you lose any of your identity documents, it's a good idea to take photos of them on your cell phone and make copies to carry with you. Transportation on the Sabbath Starting Friday afternoon (around 3:00 pm), all public transportation in Israel will begin shutting down and will not resume until Saturday evening, around 7:00 pm. During this time, transportation options are limited to walking or taking taxis. This is a Bible Study Tour This tour will be equivalent to a year of Bible college. You will be immersed in the Bible daily. Please don't grow weary of all the Bible teachings throughout the trip. Soak it in and allow God to transform your life. Just Call Me Todd While the Lord has blessed me with several Bible degrees , please just call me Todd. I am your humble servant and nothing more. All that I am is due to God's grace and work. Without Him, I am nothing. Emergency Contact s During Tour Hours Joel Fink: joelfink27@gmail.com 1-541-603-4770 USA After Tour Hours Todd Fink: holylandsite.com@gmail.com 1-541-603-0881 USA

See powerful evidence about the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, and witness amazing new discoveries that confirm their existence and location. God chose to destroy these wicked cities, and all throughout the Bible, He speaks of Sodom and Gomorrah as an example of judgment to come for those who reject Him. Sodom and Gomorrah are located around the eastern side of the Dead Sea. Gomorrah is located at the base of Masada, and Sodom is about 13 miles (20 km.) south of Gomorrah. Sodom & Gomorrah: Example of Judgment Photo Gallery Places of Interest Sodom & Gomorrah Example of Judgment to Come Introduction 1. Because the Dead Sea basin used to be like the Garden of Eden, it was an extremely desirable climate that was great for agriculture and life in general. It was, therefore, a very populated area. 2. The thought of God raining down fire and brimstone upon the cities and people in this area is staggering and gives me chills up and down my spine. This fire and brimstone were so hot and intense that they destroyed everything in their path. 3. God also used Sodom and Gomorrah to refer to all of the cities of the Dead Sea basin. 4. Five formation areas around the western side of the Dead Sea share similarities. We'll be exploring these similarities and the evidence that supports them as great candidates for being the five cities God destroyed because of their severe sinfulness. 5. We will allow you to search for some sulfur balls in the area below Masada that many believe to be ancient Gomorrah. Location of Sodom and Gomorrah 1. Not everyone agrees on the locations of Sodom and Gomorrah. 2. Some believe Sodom and Gomorrah are located on the eastern side of the Dead Sea. Others think they are on the western side of the Dead Sea. 3. Some believe the area below Masada to be ancient Gomorrah. It also has formations that look like a sphinx and a pyramid. 4. In total, God destroyed at least four of the five large cities around the Dead Sea. 5. Though the actual locations of the cities are somewhat disputed, growing evidence of the cities on the western side of the Dead Sea reveals that these sites have substantial evidence supporting their locations. 6. Josephus, a historian and writer during the time of Christ, said the ruins could still be seen in his day. 7. Archeologists have discovered thousands of bodies in graves around the believed locations of Sodom and Gomorrah on the southeastern side of the Dead Sea. Unique Characteristics of the Formations on the Western Side of the Dead Sea Zeboiim - Just above the Dead Sea, about 10 miles. Admah - Northwest tip of the Dead Sea. Gomorrah - Below Masada to the east. Sodom - South of Masada, about 15 miles. Zoar - South of Masad, about 30 miles. It appears God also destroyed Zoar because, after Lot fled there to escape the coming judgment, he later left it. The fact that Lot's two daughters said there was no one in the land for them to marry after the cities were destroyed seems to confirm Zoar's destruction as well. 1. There are a lot of brimstone (old name for sulfur) balls in these cities located on the western side of the Dead Sea. 2. This sulfur is unique and different from all other sulfur found in the world. It is around 90-95% pure. It is white, unlike any other place in the world. It is so pure you can light it on fire, and it burns a hot, blue flame. 3. The sulfur balls are not found outside of the proposed cities that all share common characteristics. 4. The five cities are all whitish in nature and different from the regular land. 5. There is a lot of ash in these areas that fits the biblical narrative. It says in 2 Peter 2:6: And if He condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to destruction by reducing them to ashes , having made them an example to those who would live ungodly lives thereafter. 6. The material of these city formations is calcium sulfate, which is what limestone and sulfur become when heated. 7. The primary building material in Israel is limestone, so these cities also fit the scientific evidence. 8. There are many charcoal layers found in the strata of these cities. 9. The amount of ash, charcoal, and calcium sulfate reveals overwhelming evidence of extreme heat in these cities. 10. There is also no geothermal activity in these areas to explain the ash, charcoal, and calcium sulfate. 11. Many unexplained shapes in these areas look like buildings, sphinxes, pyramids, and palaces. 12. These cities existed around 4,000 years ago, so their remains would be difficult to distinguish. 13. Some say there is no archaeological evidence, such as stones, buildings, and so forth, of the cities on the western side of the Dead Sea. However, we shouldn't expect to find any ruins of the cities, as the Bible says God reduced them to ashes. 14. These cities fit the location as described in the Bible. Genesis 13:10: Lot lifted up his eyes and saw all the valley of the Jordan, that it was well watered everywhere—this was before the Lord destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah—like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt as you go to Zoar [Zoar has been identified as being south of Sodom and Gomorrah]. 15. Abraham was near Hebron when he saw the cities on fire. Hebron is on the western side of the Dead Sea. 16. There are no sulfur balls found in the proposed cities on the eastern side of the Dead Sea. Proposed Cities on the Eastern Side of the Dead Sea 1. Tel el-Hammam - Sodom (Northern Site) 2. Bab edh-Dhra - Sodom 3. Numeira - Gomorrah 4. Safi - Zoar 5. Feifa (or Fifa) - Admah 6. Khanazir - Zeboiim Places of Interest 1. Sodom 2. Gomorrah 3. Zoar 4. Admah 5. Zeboiim 6. Masada 7. Lot’s Wife 8. Sphinx 9. Pyramid Sodom and Gomorrah in the Bible 1. God told Abraham through two angels about His plan to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah. Genesis 18:20–21: And the Lord said, “The outcry of Sodom and Gomorrah is indeed great, and their sin is exceedingly grave. 21 I will go down now and see if they have done entirely according to its outcry, which has come to Me; and if not, I will know.” 2. During a dialogue between Abraham and God, Abraham pleaded with God to spare the cities on account of the righteous ones living in them (Gen. 18:22–31). 3. God told Abraham that He would spare the cities if only 10 righteous people could be found in them. Genesis 18:32-33: And He said, “I will not destroy it on account of the ten.” 33 As soon as He had finished speaking to Abraham, the Lord departed, and Abraham returned to his place. 4. In the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah lived hundreds of thousands of people. The fact that there were not even 10 righteous people speaks of the extreme wickedness of these cities. Genesis 13:13: Now the men of Sodom were wicked exceedingly and sinners against the Lord. 5. The wickedness of Sodom revealed. Genesis 19:1–11: Now the two angels came to Sodom in the evening as Lot was sitting in the gate of Sodom . When Lot saw them, he rose to meet them and bowed down with his face to the ground. 2 And he said, “Now behold, my lords, please turn aside into your servant’s house, and spend the night, and wash your feet; then you may rise early and go on your way.” They said however, “No, but we shall spend the night in the square.” 3 Yet he urged them strongly, so they turned aside to him and entered his house; and he prepared a feast for them, and baked unleavened bread, and they ate. 4 Before they lay down, the men of the city, the men of Sodom , surrounded the house, both young and old, all the people from every quarter; 5 and they called to Lot and said to him, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us that we may have relations with them .” 6 But Lot went out to them at the doorway, and shut the door behind him, 7 and said, “Please, my brothers, do not act wickedly. 8 Now behold, I have two daughters who have not had relations with man; please let me bring them out to you, and do to them whatever you like; only do nothing to these men, inasmuch as they have come under the shelter of my roof.” 9 But they said, “Stand aside.” Furthermore, they said, “This one came in as an alien, and already he is acting like a judge; now we will treat you worse than them.” So they pressed hard against Lot and came near to break the door. 10 But the men [two angels] reached out their hands and brought Lot into the house with them, and shut the door. 11 They struck the men who were at the doorway of the house with blindness, both small and great, so that they wearied themselves trying to find the doorway. 6. God warns Lot and his family to flee for their lives. Genesis 19:12–17: Then the two men said to Lot, “Whom else have you here? A son-in-law, and your sons, and your daughters, and whomever you have in the city, bring them out of the place; 13 for we are about to destroy this place, because their outcry has become so great before the Lord that the Lord has sent us to destroy it.” 14 Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, who were to marry his daughters, and said, “Up, get out of this place, for the Lord will destroy the city.” But he appeared to his sons-in-law to be jesting. 15 When morning dawned, the angels urged Lot, saying, “Up, take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will be swept away in the punishment of the city.” 16 But he hesitated. So the men seized his hand and the hand of his wife and the hands of his two daughters, for the compassion of the Lord was upon him; and they brought him out, and put him outside the city. 17 When they had brought them outside, one [angel] said, “Escape for your life! Do not look behind you, and do not stay anywhere in the valley; escape to the mountains, or you will be swept away.” 7. God destroys Sodom and Gomorrah. Genesis 19:23–29: The sun had risen over the earth when Lot came to Zoar [located south of Sodom and Gomorrah]. 24 Then the Lord rained on Sodom and Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the Lord out of heaven, 25 and He overthrew those cities, and all the valley, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and what grew on the ground. 26 But his wife, from behind him, looked back, and she became a pillar of salt. 27 Now Abraham arose early in the morning and went to the place where he had stood before the Lord; 28 and he looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah, and toward all the land of the valley , and he saw, and behold, the smoke of the land ascended like the smoke of a furnace. 29 Thus, it came about, when God destroyed the cities of the valley , that God remembered Abraham, and sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow, when He overthrew the cities in which Lot lived. God used Sodom and Gomorrah as examples of judgment upon the ungodly throughout the Bible. 1. Moses used Sodom and Gomorrah as warnings for the future generations of the Israelites. Deuteronomy 29:23: All its land is brimstone and salt, a burning waste, unsown and unproductive, and no grass grows in it, like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim , which the Lord overthrew in His anger and in His wrath. God states explicitly that He destroyed two other cities besides Sodom and Gomorrah (Adman and Zeboiim). However, it appears He also destroyed Zoar because after Lot had fled to Zoar, he soon left it. Later, his two daughters said there was no one in the land for them to marry. 2. The prophets continually used Sodom and Gomorrah as examples of God’s wrath on the ungodly. Jeremiah 49:18: Like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah with its neighbors,” says the Lord, “no one will live there, nor will a son of man reside in it.” Lamentations 4:6: For the iniquity of the daughter of my people Is greater than the sin of Sodom , which was overthrown as in a moment, and no hands were turned toward her. 3. Jesus used Sodom and Gomorrah as examples of God’s judgment on the ungodly. Luke 17:28–30: It was the same as happened in the days of Lot: they were eating, they were drinking, they were buying, they were selling, they were planting, they were building; but on the day that Lot went out from Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven and destroyed them all. It will be just the same on the day that the Son of Man is revealed. 4. The Apostles used Sodom and Gomorrah as examples of God’s coming judgment on the ungodly. 2 Peter 2:4–10: For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but cast them into hell and committed them to pits of darkness, reserved for judgment; and did not spare the ancient world, but preserved Noah, a preacher of righteousness, with seven others, when He brought a flood upon the world of the ungodly; and if He condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to destruction by reducing them to ashes, having made them an example to those who would live ungodly lives thereafter; and if He rescued righteous Lot, oppressed by the sensual conduct of unprincipled men (for by what he saw and heard that righteous man, while living among them, felt his righteous soul tormented day after day by their lawless deeds), then the Lord knows how to rescue the godly from temptation, and to keep the unrighteous under punishment for the day of judgment, and especially those who indulge the flesh in its corrupt desires and despise authority. Jude 1:5–7: Now I want to remind you, although you once fully knew it, that Jesus, who saved a people out of the land of Egypt, afterward destroyed those who did not believe. 6 And the angels who did not stay within their own position of authority, but left their proper dwelling, he has kept in eternal chains under gloomy darkness until the judgment of the great day— 7 just as Sodom and Gomorrah and the surrounding cities , which likewise indulged in sexual immorality and pursued unnatural desire, serve as an example by undergoing a punishment of eternal fire. Repeatedly, throughout the accounts of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, the sin of homosexuality is highlighted as the main wickedness for which God destroyed them. Some who defend homosexuality claim that God destroyed them because of their lack of hospitality. 5. God uses the same imagery of fire and brimstone in the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah as for what hell will be like. Revelation 20:10: And the devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and brimstone , where the beast and the false prophet are also; and they will be tormented day and night forever and ever. Faith Lesson from Sodom and Gomorrah 1. The lesson from Sodom and Gomorrah is a profound, sobering message we should allow to sink in deeply. 2. The primary sin for which God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah was homosexuality. However, they sinned in many other ways as well. 3. Sodom and Gomorrah are a foreshadowing of what hell will be like. 4. Jesus talked about how His second coming would be like that of Sodom and Gomorrah. Jesus also spoke more about hell than heaven. 5. If God, the prophets, Christ, and the apostles used Sodom and Gomorrah as an example of the eternal judgment in hell that awaits the ungodly, then we should do the same today as well. 6. God is a God of love and has done everything He can to save us, but for those who reject His offer of salvation, eternal suffering in the Lake of Fire awaits them (Rev. 20:10).

See and experience an engineering wonder that happened over 2700 years ago. In order to save Jerusalem and its inhabitants, King Hezekiah orchestrated a tunnel that took the water from the Gihon Spring underground to the Pool of Siloam. This kept the water inside the city so the Assyrian army couldn't cut off their water supply and conquer them. Hezekiah's Water Tunnel Photo Gallery Places of Interest Hezekiah's Water Tunnel Location 1. Hezekiah's Water Tunnel, also known as the Siloam Tunnel, is a remarkable ancient water tunnel located in the southern part of the City of David in Jerusalem. 2. The City of David is located just south of the Temple Mount and is the original part of Jerusalem that existed before it was expanded over the centuries. 3. Today, Hezekiah's Tunnel is a popular archaeological site and tourist attraction, offering visitors the chance to walk through the ancient waterway. Historical Background 1. It was constructed during the reign of King Hezekiah of Judah in around 700 BC. 2. The Bible mentions it in the context of preparations for an impending siege by the Assyrians, led by Sennacherib. 3. The tunnel was designed to transport water from the Gihon Spring to the Pool of Siloam, effectively securing the city's water supply during the siege by preventing the Assyrian forces from accessing it. 4. The construction of this tunnel is considered an engineering marvel of its time, as it was hewn from solid rock. It measures approximately 583 yards (533 m.) long and has an altitude difference of 12 inches (30 cm.) between its two ends. 5. The historical significance of Hezekiah's Tunnel is also highlighted by the Siloam Inscription, found at the southern end of the tunnel. This inscription describes how two teams of workers, starting from opposite ends, met in the middle to complete the tunnel. This feat is detailed in the biblical passages of 2 Chronicles 32:2–4 and 2 Kings 20:20. Biblical Background 1. After the nation of Israel was divided into two kingdoms (Israel and Judah), God sent prophet after prophet to warn them to turn from their sinful ways and follow Him. However, all these warnings fell on deaf ears. 2. All the 19 kings who reigned in the northern kingdom of Israel did not follow the Lord and acted wickedly. 3. As a result, the northern kingdom of Israel was conquered and taken into captivity by 722 BC by the Assyrians because of Israel’s continual disobedience. 2 Kings 18:11–12: Then the king of Assyria carried Israel away into exile to Assyria, and put them in Halah and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes, 12 because they did not obey the voice of the Lord their God , but transgressed His covenant, even all that Moses the servant of the Lord commanded; they would neither listen nor do it. 4. The Assyrian army was brutal and known for its torturous tactics. They intentionally instilled fear in the hearts of those they conquered to cause other countries to surrender instead of fighting. 5. By 701 BC, the Assyrians, headed by Sennacherib, invaded Judah, the Southern Kingdom of Israel, because they disobeyed God. 6. According to an Assyrian stele found in the ruins of the royal palace of Nineveh, Sennacherib conquered 46 cities in Judea before attempting to conquer Jerusalem. 7. God allowed most of Judah to be conquered but protected Jerusalem because of Hezekiah’s obedience to Him. 8. As Hezekiah began to prepare for what he knew would be a terrible siege by a merciless Assyrian war machine, he had to figure out how to protect his people. This meant building new defenses. 9. During the time of Hezekiah, Jerusalem’s urban population had grown far outside the old walls of the city and were unprotected. 10. King Hezekiah fortified the city's existing walls and built a new wall rapidly to protect those living outside them. 2 Chronicles 32:5: He set to work resolutely and built up all the wall that was broken down and raised towers upon it, and outside it he built another wall, and he strengthened the Millo in the city of David. He also made weapons and shields in abundance. 11. Hezekiah’s new wall measured about 22 feet wide (7 m.) by 25 feet high (8 m.). 12. It was a massive undertaking and measured around 2.5 miles (4 km.) in length. 13. A portion of the wall was discovered in the 1970s by Israeli archaeologist Nahman Avigad and dated to the reign of King Hezekiah (716-687 BC). 14. Archaeologists called it “Hezekiah’s Broad Wall” because of how wide it is. 15. Additionally, King Hezekiah also built a water tunnel to keep the water from the Gihon Spring inside the city walls so the Assyrians couldn’t cut off the water supply (2 Chron. 32:3–4). Places of Interest 1. Hezekiah’s Broad Wall 2. Gihon Spring 3. Pool of Siloam 4. Hezekiah's Water Tunnel 5. City of David 6. Temple Mount Hezekiah in the Bible 1. King Hezekiah’s father, Ahaz, was a wicked king. He closed the doors to the temple and burned his children in sacrificial worship to false gods. 2. King Hezekiah was a godly king who reopened the temple and restored worship to God. 2 Kings 18:3–6: And he did what was right in the eyes of the Lord, according to all that David his father had done. 4 He removed the high places and broke the pillars and cut down the Asherah. And he broke in pieces the bronze serpent that Moses had made, for until those days the people of Israel had made offerings to it (it was called Nehushtan). 5 He trusted in the Lord, the God of Israel, so that there was none like him among all the kings of Judah after him, nor among those who were before him. 6 For he held fast to the Lord. He did not depart from following him, but kept the commandments that the Lord commanded Moses. 3. King Hezekiah chose not to serve the King of Assyria. 2 Kings 18:7: And the Lord was with him; wherever he went he prospered. And he rebelled against the king of Assyria and did not serve him. 4. Sennacherib, the King of Assyria, conquered the southern part of Judah, including the mighty city of Lachish. King Hezekiah tries to keep him at bay by paying him money. 2 Kings 18:13–16: Now in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and seized them. 14 Then Hezekiah king of Judah sent to the king of Assyria at Lachish, saying, “I have done wrong. Withdraw from me; whatever you impose on me I will bear.” So the king of Assyria required of Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold. 15 Hezekiah gave him all the silver which was found in the house of the Lord, and in the treasuries of the king’s house. 16 At that time Hezekiah cut off the gold from the doors of the temple of the Lord, and from the doorposts which Hezekiah king of Judah had overlaid, and gave it to the king of Assyria. 5. King Sennacherib makes plans to conquer Jerusalem. 2 Kings 18:17: Then the king of Assyria sent Tartan and Rab-saris and Rabshakeh from Lachish to King Hezekiah with a large army to Jerusalem. So they went up and came to Jerusalem. 6. King Sennacherib mocks King Hezekiah and the God of Israel. 2 Kings 18:32–35: And do not listen to Hezekiah when he misleads you by saying, “The Lord will deliver us .” 33 Has any of the gods of the nations ever delivered his land out of the hand of the king of Assyria? 34 Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivvah? Have they delivered Samaria out of my hand? 35 Who among all the gods of the lands have delivered their lands out of my hand, that the Lord should deliver Jerusalem out of my hand?’” 7. King Hezekiah humbles himself before God and sends for the Prophet Isaiah. 2 Kings 19:1–7: And when King Hezekiah heard it, he tore his clothes, covered himself with sackcloth and entered the house of the Lord. 2 Then he sent Eliakim who was over the household with Shebna the scribe and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, to Isaiah the prophet the son of Amoz. 3 They said to him, “Thus says Hezekiah, ‘This day is a day of distress, rebuke, and rejection; for children have come to birth and there is no strength to deliver. 4 Perhaps the Lord your God will hear all the words of Rabshakeh, whom his master the king of Assyria has sent to reproach the living God, and will rebuke the words which the Lord your God has heard. Therefore, offer a prayer for the remnant that is left.’” 5 So the servants of King Hezekiah came to Isaiah. 6 Isaiah said to them, “Thus you shall say to your master, ‘Thus says the Lord, “Do not be afraid because of the words that you have heard, with which the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed Me. 7 Behold, I will put a spirit in him so that he will hear a rumor and return to his own land. And I will make him fall by the sword in his own land.” 8. King Sennacherib once again threatens King Hezekiah and speaks against the God of Israel. 2 Kings 19:9–12: So he sent messengers again to Hezekiah, saying, 10 “Thus shall you speak to Hezekiah king of Judah: ‘Do not let your God in whom you trust deceive you by promising that Jerusalem will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria. 11 Behold, you have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands, devoting them to destruction. And shall you be delivered? 12 Have the gods of the nations delivered them, the nations that my fathers destroyed.’” 9. Hezekiah seeks the Lord’s help. 2 Kings 19:14–19: Then Hezekiah took the letter from the hand of the messengers and read it, and he went up to the house of the Lord and spread it out before the Lord. 15 Hezekiah prayed before the Lord and said, “O Lord, the God of Israel, who are enthroned above the cherubim, You are the God, You alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth. You have made heaven and earth. 16 Incline Your ear, O Lord, and hear; open Your eyes, O Lord, and see; and listen to the words of Sennacherib, which he has sent to reproach the living God. 17 Truly, O Lord, the kings of Assyria have devastated the nations and their lands 18 and have cast their gods into the fire, for they were not gods but the work of men’s hands, wood and stone. So they have destroyed them. 19 Now, O Lord our God, I pray, deliver us from his hand that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that You alone, O Lord, are God.” 10. God answers Hezekiah’s prayer. 2 Kings 19:20–22: Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah saying, “Thus says the Lord, the God of Israel, ‘Because you have prayed to Me about Sennacherib king of Assyria, I have heard you.’ 21 This is the word that the Lord has spoken against him: ‘She has despised you and mocked you, The virgin daughter of Zion; She has shaken her head behind you, The daughter of Jerusalem! 22 ‘Whom have you reproached and blasphemed? And against whom have you raised your voice, And haughtily lifted up your eyes? Against the Holy One of Israel!’” 2 Kings 19:32–34: Therefore, thus says the Lord concerning the king of Assyria, “He will not come to this city or shoot an arrow there; and he will not come before it with a shield or throw up a siege ramp against it. 33 By the way that he came, by the same he will return, and he shall not come to this city, declares the Lord. 34 For I will defend this city to save it for My own sake and for My servant David’s sake.” 11. God miraculously destroys King Sennacherib and his army. 2 Kings 19:35–37: Then it happened that night that the angel of the Lord went out and struck 185,000 in the camp of the Assyrians; and when men rose early in the morning, behold, all of them were dead. 36 So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed and returned home, and lived at Nineveh. 37 It came about as he was worshiping in the house of Nisroch his god, that Adrammelech and Sharezer killed him with the sword; and they escaped into the land of Ararat. And Esarhaddon his son became king in his place. Faith Lesson from the Life of King Hezekiah 1. Even though Hezekiah had a wicked father, he chose to serve the Lord. 2. No matter what our background might be, and the parents we have, God can still use us greatly if we yield ourselves entirely to Him. 3. He was extremely dedicated to God. 2 Kings 18:5–6: He trusted in the Lord, the God of Israel; so that after him there was none like him among all the kings of Judah, nor among those who were before him. 6 For he clung to the Lord; he did not depart from following Him, but kept His commandments, which the Lord had commanded Moses. 4. He trusted in God during times of great trials. 5. God blessed him and protected him because of his faith and dedication to Him. 6. He worked hard to fortify the old walls, built a huge new wall, and protected the water source of the city. All this was good, but not needed as God supernaturally protected Jerusalem because Hezekiah trusted in the Lord. 7. King Hezekiah lived the kind of life God blesses. Are we following his example?

If you want an in-depth Bible-centered trip and see more holy sites in Israel than other tours, then this trip is designed for you. Holy Land Trip Deposit Secure Payment Link Registration Deposit Payment To complete your registration, please send your registration deposit of $500 by either credit card, PayPal, or check. The payment is set up for single and double payments. Just select the one that applies to you. If paying by credit card or PayPal, a 4% fee is added to cover fees charged by credit cards and PayPal. If paying by credit card or PayPal, click the button below. PayPal does not require you to create a PayPal account to use your credit card. Please refresh your browser before paying for latest button updates. Single Person Payment $500 Double Person Payment $1,000 If you would like to avoid the Credit Card fees, then you can send your check to the following address if you live in the U.S.A. or Canada. Holy Land Site (make check payable to this name, please) 6945 Burnett St., SE Salem, OR, 97317-5202

See the place and hear the moving story about how Christ healed a demon-possessed man and cast the demons into a herd of 2,000 pigs who ran down a steep hill into the Sea of Galilee. It took place on the east side of the Sea of Galilee in the region of the Gerasenes or Gadarenes. This place was also called Kurshi in Hebrew and Kursy in Arabic. It was in the region of the Decapolis. Sites of interest include: Mount Arbel, Magdala, Gennesaret, Tabhga, Mount of Beatitudes, Capernaum, Bethsaida. Kursi: Demon Possessed Man Healed Photo Gallery Places of Interest Kursi: Demon-Possessed Man Healed Introduction Welcome to Kursi, also known as the land of the Gadarenes. Several major events from the Bible took place here. Here are the highlights. 1. It's here that two demon-possessed men were healed. 2. One of them had a legion of demons in him. Jesus cast these demons out, and they ran down a steep hill into the sea. 3. It's also in this area that Jesus fed 4,000 people with seven loaves of bread and a few fish (Matt. 15:29-39). 4. It contains the ruins of Israel's largest Byzantine monastery complex. 5. It has other churches and monuments marking the key events that happened here. Location 1. Kursi is the place where two demon-possessed men were healed. 2. The demons who lived in these men were cast into a herd of pigs that ran down a steep bank into the sea. 3. It took place on the east side of the Sea of Galilee in the region of the Gerasenes or Gadarenes. This place was also called Kurshi in Hebrew and Kursy in Arabic. 4. It was in the region of the Decapolis. 5. The Decapolis comprised 10 Roman cities that functioned like city-states. It was a region outside Jewish authority inhabited by Jews and Gentiles. 6. It was an immoral area representing all that sinful humanity had to offer. Therefore, it was considered unclean to the Jews. 7. The caves where the demon-possessed men lived can be seen on the hillside above Kursi. Historical Background Today, this site contains the ruins of Israel's largest Byzantine monastery complex. It dates from the middle of the 5th century and was built to commemorate what took place here. We'll take a look at its history over the years. 1. Byzantine Period (5th-7th century AD) The site was established in the middle of the 5th century AD. The monastery was built on a large area and protected by walls. The baptistery near the chapel was added in the 6th century. A watchtower guarded the entrance facing the Sea of Galilee, and a paved road led down to a harbor where pilgrim boats were moored. Once inside the wall, the pilgrims had the choice of going first to a luxurious bathhouse to the left of the entrance or to the centrally placed church. 2. Persian Period (614-618 AD) The Persians defeated the Byzantine rulers in 614 AD. The conquerors were assisted by the Jewish population in Galilee, who seized the moment to reestablish an independent state. During the Persian invasion, the site was severely damaged, and the monks were murdered. In the excavations of 2002, the archaeologists found Persian weapons in the monastery. This may have been the first Christian site damaged by the Persians in their bloody conquest of the Holy Land, which lasted for a brief time until the Byzantines recaptured the land. 3. Arab Period (634 – 9th Century AD) The Omayyad Caliphate Arabs captured the land in 636, allowing Christians to continue worshipping and living in Kursi. The monastery was restored. In the 8th century AD, a great earthquake (749) damaged the monastery, and it would never be used again as a place of worship. In the 9th century, local Arabs reused the place for residential and storage, and the mosaics may have been damaged at that time (erasing the figures on the magnificent floor). 4. Modern Period In 1970, road work accidentally revealed the monastery's walls and an archaeological expedition was started. The excavations restored the ruins and unearthed the chapel on the hill. The site was opened to the public in 1982 as a National park. In recent years, the excavations continued. In 2001-2002, a bath complex was found in the north part of the site, with cold and hot pools. This large 100-square-meter complex served the thousands of Christian pilgrims who came to the monastery to witness the site of the miracle. The bath house, dated to the 5th-7th century, is unique – it is the only one found so far inside a monastery. Therefore, the monastery served also as a guest house, offering additional services to the pilgrims. Places of Interest 1. Capernaum 2. Calming the storm and sea. 3. Byzantine Monastery Complex Mosaics Baptistry Apse Olive Press Olive Crusher 4. Tombs above Kursi 5. The beach where Jesus and His disciples arrived. 6. Steep hill where the pigs ran down into the sea. 7. Decapolis area. Kursi in the Bible 1. Jesus and His disciples were coming from the Capernaum area, where Jesus had just performed many miracles and preached about the parables of the kingdom. 2. On the boat ride to this area, Jesus performed an astounding miracle of calming the sea and storm. Matthew 8:23–27: And when he got into the boat, his disciples followed him. And behold, there arose a great storm on the sea, so that the boat was being swamped by the waves; but he was asleep. And they went and woke him, saying, "Save us, Lord; we are perishing." And he said to them, "Why are you afraid, O you of little faith?" Then he rose and rebuked the winds and the sea, and there was a great calm. And the men marveled, saying, "What sort of man is this, that even winds and sea obey him?" 3. This event is the most detailed account of an exorcism (casting out demons) in the Bible. 4. When Jesus and His disciples arrived at the country of the Gadarenes, they were greeted by two demon-possessed men. Matthew 8:28–29: And when he came to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes, two demon-possessed men met him, coming out of the tombs, so fierce that no one could pass that way. And behold, they cried out, "What have you to do with us, O Son of God? Have you come here to torment us before the time?" 5. The account of this story in Mark focuses on one of the demon-possessed men. Mark 5:1–2: They came to the other side of the sea, to the country of the Gerasenes. 2 And when Jesus had stepped out of the boat, immediately there met him out of the tombs a man with an unclean spirit. 6. The life of this demon-possessed man was a nightmarish living hell. Mark 5:3–5: He lived among the tombs. And no one could bind him anymore, not even with a chain, 4 for he had often been bound with shackles and chains, but he wrenched the chains apart, and he broke the shackles in pieces. No one had the strength to subdue him. 5 Night and day among the tombs and on the mountains he was always crying out and cutting himself with stones. 7. The legion of demons indwelling this man recognized who Jesus was. Mark 5:6–9: And when he saw Jesus from afar, he ran and fell down before him. 7 And crying out with a loud voice, he said, "What have you to do with me, Jesus, Son of the Most High God? I adjure you by God, do not torment me." 8 For he was saying to him, "Come out of the man, you unclean spirit!" 9 And Jesus asked him, "What is your name?" He replied, "My name is Legion [5,000 demons], for we are many." 8. Jesus cast this legion of demons into a herd of pigs who ran into the sea. Mark 5:10–13: And he begged him earnestly not to send them out of the country. 11 Now a great herd of pigs was feeding there on the hillside, 12 and they begged him, saying, "Send us to the pigs; let us enter them." 13 So he gave them permission. And the unclean spirits came out, and entered the pigs, and the herd, numbering about two thousand, rushed down the steep bank into the sea and were drowned in the sea. 9. The demon-possessed man was healed, and news spread rapidly throughout the region. Mark 5:14–17: The herdsmen fled and told it in the city and in the country. And people came to see what it was that had happened. 15 And they came to Jesus and saw the demon-possessed man, the one who had had the legion, sitting there, clothed and in his right mind, and they were afraid. 16 And those who had seen it described to them what had happened to the demon-possessed man and to the pigs. 17 And they began to beg Jesus to depart from their region. 10. Jesus sent the healed man into the Decapolis region to tell them the great things God had done for him. Mark 5:18–20: As he was getting into the boat, the man who had been possessed with demons begged him that he might be with him. 19 And he did not permit him but said to him, "Go home to your friends and tell them how much the Lord has done for you, and how he has had mercy on you." 20 And he went away and began to proclaim in the Decapolis how much Jesus had done for him, and everyone marveled. Faith Lesson from Kursi 1. The demon-possessed man was in deep bondage and torment from the host of demons who lived within him. Do we believe demonic possession is a reality? 2. Jesus showed His power over the demonic realm by casting the legion of demons into a herd of 2,000 pigs. Do we believe Christ is Lord over Satan and all demonic rulers and principalities in the universe? 3. Jesus told the demon-possessed man to go and tell others how much the Lord had done for him. 4. History records that as a result of this man’s obedience, a large community of believers was established in this area and had a great influence on the early church for many centuries. 5. One of our best tools in sharing the Gospel is just to tell others what God has done for us. Have we carefully defined our testimony, and are we committed to using it to share Christ with others?

Bethlehem is the birthplace of Jesus. The Church of the Nativity is exactly where Christ was born. See and learn all about it. Manager's Square, Manger, Star, Wise Men, Mary and Joseph, Shepherds, Rachel’s Tomb, Shepherds' Fields, Herodian Fortress, and more. Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem Photo Gallery Places of Interest Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem Introduction Welcome to the Church of the Nativity. Many significant events from the Bible took place here. These are the highlights. 1. The location of Manger Square and the Church of the Nativity is on top of Tel Bethlehem. Under this area is ancient Bethlehem. 2. Bethlehem is where King David lived before becoming King of Israel. 3. This is also where Jesus was born, and the Word became flesh. So, we will see and experience the very place where Jesus was born. 4. We'll see evidence of the churches built over this site to commemorate this monumental event. 5. We'll explore a cave complex where Jerome lived while translating the Bible from Hebrew and Greek to Latin, the language of the Roman Empire. This cave complex is connected to the cave where Jesus is believed to have been born. 6. This site is not disputed as the authentic site, and to think of what happened here is beyond our ability to comprehend. Location 1. The Church of the Nativity is located in Bethlehem, about 6 miles (9 km) south of Jerusalem. 2. It is right beside Manger Square and Manger Street. 3. It is located on the upper mountain plateau route that connects the southern Negev to the upper Galilee region. On this route were cities from the south, like Beersheba, Hebron, Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Bethel, Shiloh, and Shechem, to the north. It was a highly traveled route. 4. Today, Bethlehem is in the West Bank but is very safe. Thousands of tourists visit its Christian sites each month with no issues whatsoever. Historical Background of Ancient Bethlehem 1. Bethlehem means House of Bread. 2. It had a population of between 500 and 1,000 people in the time of Jesus. 3 . The area of Manger Square, Church of the Nativity, and the area around them actually sit upon a tel. This is called Tel Bethlehem and is where the original town was located. 4. Many of the homes consisted of caves and structures. Often, a house would have both a cave below it and a home above or beside it. 5. The caves would be used for living quarters and livestock keeping, as they were cool in the summer and warm in the winter. 6. Jewish, secular, and Christian scholars and archaeologists all agree that this is the birthplace of Jesus. There is no dispute that this is the authentic site. Historical Background of the Church of the Nativity Period of Abraham - 2050 BC Pottery discovered under the church dates to the time of Abraham. Period of David - 1000 BC Pottery discovered under the church dates to the time of David. Period of Christ's Birth - 4 BC The Bible attests to Jesus' birth in Bethlehem. According to archaeological evidence and eyewitness accounts, Jesus was born in a cave where animals were kept, so He was placed in a manger after birth. Under the Church of the Nativity lies a cave complex where Jesus was born. Period After Christ's Return to Heaven - 29 BC Shortly after Christ’s ascension to heaven, worshipers began marking key places associated with Jesus's life and ministry. Christ’s birthplace was marked, and worshipers began to protect and commemorate the site. Period of Roman Emperor Hadrian - 135 AD In 135 AD, Hadrian destroyed the venerated site Christians had protected. Hadrian erected a shrine to Adonis, the Greek god of beauty and desire, on top of Christ's birthplace. He desecrated many holy sites throughout Israel and built shrines to false gods on top of them. One of which is Golgotha, where the Church of the Holy Sepulchre is today. There, he built a temple to Jupiter and Venus. He renamed Jerusalem to Aelia Capitolina and renamed Israel to Palestine in an attempt to erase any Jewish connection to the Holy Land. Period of Early Church Fathers - 100 to 339 AD Evidence that this was Jesus's birthplace also surfaced in the writings of Justin Martyr around 160 AD. Later, Origen and Eusebius affirmed this in the 3rd century. Period of Roman Emperor Constantine - 339 AD Helena, the mother of the Roman Emperor Constantine, received Christ as her Savior and came to the Holy Land to build churches on key Christian sites. Constantine and his mother, Helena, commissioned the construction of the Church of the Nativity over the cave, marking the birthplace of Jesus. It was dedicated in 339 AD. It consisted of an octagonal floor plan placed directly over the cave and a large church extending westward. It was built in the shape of a cross. In the center of the octagonal part, a viewing area with a railing provided a view of the cave. Part of the original mosaic floor of the church has survived and remains visible. Period of Jerome - 382 to 405 AD Jerome, who translated Greek and Hebrew manuscripts into Latin (the language of the Roman Empire) to form the Latin Vulgate, did much of his translation work in a cave beside the Church of the Nativity from 382 to 405 AD. He was later buried here, and today it’s known as Jerome’s Grotto. The Crusaders carried his remains to Rome around 1165. Period of Samaritan Revolt - 529 AD The church was burned down during a Samaritan revolt. Period of Roman Emperor Justinian - 565 AD Justinian rebuilt a new church over Constantine's church in 565 AD, which has survived to this day. Justinian's church is the oldest functioning church in the world. Period of the Persian Conquest - 614 AD The Church of the Nativity was the only church the Persians didn't destroy during their conquest of the Holy Land in 614 AD because they saw paintings outside the church honoring the Magi from the east, who were fellow Persians. Period of the Crusaders - 1165 AD The Crusaders renovated the church, painting murals on the pillars and mosaics on the walls of the central nave. Period of Muslim Rule - 1187 to 1917 AD The Church of the Nativity suffered from long decay after the Ottoman conquest of the Holy Land in 1516 AD. The nave was largely abandoned and used for profane purposes. To prevent people from entering the church with horses and cattle, the main entrance was walled up and transformed into a small door, now known as the "Door of Humility" because visitors were forced to bend down to go through it. The church has been restored and repaired various times during this period. Period of Modern Time - 1917 to Present The church has undergone several renovations since the Crusader period. In 2012, the church complex became the first Palestinian site to be listed as a World Heritage Site by the World Heritage Committee at its 36th session on 29 June. Today, the Roman Catholic, Armenian, and Greek Orthodox churches control the church. The Greek Orthodox Church cares for the Main Nave and Grotto of the Nativity. A 25 million USD renovation has recently been completed at the Church of the Nativity. Places of Interest 1. Manger Square is located directly west of the Church of the Nativity. 2. Entrance to the church The original entrance and columns are from Justinian's church (565 AD). Door Arch from the Crusader Period (1165 AD). Door of Humility – To provide a humble entrance and keep horsemen and carts from entering the church to loot it during the Muslim Ottoman Period (1500 AD). 3. Entrance Lobby To the left (south) of the entrance lobby are rooms where excavations have been conducted, revealing layers of archaeology dating from the time of Abraham to the present. 4. Main Nave The Main Nave i s from the Byzantine Period, built by Justinian ( 565 AD). The structure is supported by 40 limestone pillars, arranged in two rows on each side, all dating from the Byzantine Period. Many pillars have paintings of kings and saints from the Crusader Period (1165 AD). Above the pillars on the walls are Crusader-period mosaics. Some show the genealogy of Jesus. The mosaics of the Church of Constantine (constructed in 339 AD) are located beneath the church's modern floor. 5. High Altar (front part of the nave) Mosaics of the Church of Constantine (339 AD) are on the left side of the High Altar. 6. Birthplace Grotto Located under the main altar. The entrance is to the right of the altar, and the exit is to the left. The cave has an eastern niche, believed to be the birthplace of Jesus, which contains the Altar of Nativity. A 14-pointed silver star marks the exact spot where Jesus was born beneath this altar. The significance of the 14 points on the star represents the three sets of 14 generations in Jesus Christ's genealogy: 14 from Abraham to David, 14 from David to the Babylonian captivity, and 14 from the Babylonian captivity to Jesus. In the center of the 14-pointed star is a circular hole through which one can reach in to touch the stone, which is said to be the original stone on which Mary lay when she gave birth to Jesus. The place where Christ was placed in a manger is on the right side of the grotto. The actual manger is in Italy at the Church Santa Maria Maggiore. 7. Church of St. Catherine A Roman Catholic Church named after Catherine, who was a 4th-century martyr from Alexandria. It was built in 1880 AD upon the ruins of a 5th-century monastery and a 12th-century Crusader church. Courtyard Statue of Jerome in the courtyard 8. A cave complex containing several chapels is accessed from St. Catherine's Church by a narrow staircase on the right. The Chapel of Saint Joseph commemorates the angel's appearance to Joseph, commanding him to flee to Egypt. Chapel of the Innocents commemorates the children killed by Herod. The Chapel of Jerome is where Jerome lived while translating the Bible from Hebrew to Latin (the Vulgate). This cave complex connects to the grotto where Christ was born. Birth of Christ in the Bible 1. Bethlehem was the prophesied birthplace of Christ. Micah 5:2: But you, O Bethlehem Ephrathah, who are too little to be among the clans of Judah, from you shall come forth for me one who is to be ruler in Israel, whose coming forth is from of old, from ancient days. 2. Christ was born in Bethlehem as prophesied. Luke 2:1–7: In those days Caesar Augustus issued a decree that a census should be taken of the entire Roman world. 2 (This was the first census that took place while Quirinius was governor of Syria.) 3 And everyone went to his own town to register. 4 So Joseph also went up from the town of Nazareth in Galilee to Judea, to Bethlehem the town of David, because he belonged to the house and line of David. 5 He went there to register with Mary, who was pledged to be married to him and was expecting a child. 6 While they were there, the time came for the baby to be born, 7 and she gave birth to her firstborn, a son. She wrapped him in cloths and placed him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn. 3. Many angels appeared to the shepherds near Bethlehem who were watching their flocks. Luke 2:8–16: And there were shepherds living out in the fields nearby, keeping watch over their flocks at night. 9 An angel of the Lord appeared to them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were terrified. 10 But the angel said to them, "Do not be afraid. I bring you good news of great joy that will be for all the people. 11 Today in the town of David a Savior has been born to you; he is Christ the Lord. 12 This will be a sign to you: You will find a baby wrapped in cloths and lying in a manger." 13 Suddenly a great company of the heavenly host appeared with the angel, praising God and saying, 14 "Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to men on whom his favor rests." 15 When the angels had left them and gone into heaven, the shepherds said to one another, "Let's go to Bethlehem and see this thing that has happened, which the Lord has told us about." 16 So they hurried off and found Mary and Joseph, and the baby, who was lying in the manger. 4. Wise men (Magi) from the east visited and worshiped Christ in Bethlehem. Matthew 2:1–12: Now after Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold, wise men from the east came to Jerusalem, 2 saying, "Where is he who has been born king of the Jews? For we saw his star when it rose and have come to worship him." 3 When Herod the king heard this, he was troubled, and all Jerusalem with him; 4 and assembling all the chief priests and scribes of the people, he inquired of them where the Christ was to be born. 5 They told him, "In Bethlehem of Judea, for so it is written by the prophet: 6 "'And you, O Bethlehem , in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah; for from you shall come a ruler who will shepherd my people Israel.'" 7 Then Herod summoned the wise men secretly and ascertained from them what time the star had appeared. 8 And he sent them to Bethlehem , saying, "Go and search diligently for the child, and when you have found him, bring me word, that I too may come and worship him." 9 After listening to the king, they went on their way. And behold, the star that they had seen when it rose went before them until it came to rest over the place where the child was. 10 When they saw the star, they rejoiced exceedingly with great joy. 11 And going into the house they saw the child with Mary, his mother, and they fell down and worshiped him. Then, opening their treasures, they offered him gifts, gold and frankincense, and myrrh. 12 And being warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they departed to their own country by another way. 5. God warned Joseph to flee to Egypt because Herod planned to kill Jesus. Matthew 2:13-15: Now when they had departed, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream, saying, “Arise, take the young Child and His mother, flee to Egypt , and stay there until I bring you word; for Herod will seek the young Child to destroy Him .” 14 When he arose, he took the young Child and His mother by night and departed for Egypt, 15 and was there until the death of Herod, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying, “Out of Egypt I called My Son.” 6. Herod had all the male children 2 years and younger murdered here in Bethlehem in his attempt to kill Christ. Matthew 2:16–18: Then Herod, when he saw that he had been tricked by the wise men, became furious, and he sent and killed all the male children in Bethlehem and in all that region who were two years old or under, according to the time that he had ascertained from the wise men. 17 Then was fulfilled what was spoken by the prophet Jeremiah: 18 "A voice was heard in Ramah, weeping and loud lamentation, Rachel weeping for her children; she refused to be comforted, because they are no more.” 7. After the death of Herod, Jesus and His family returned to Israel to live in Nazareth. Matthew 2:19-23: Now when Herod was dead, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared in a dream to Joseph in Egypt, 20 saying, “Arise, take the young Child and His mother, and go to the land of Israel , for those who sought the young Child’s life are dead.” 21 Then he arose, took the young Child and His mother, and came into the land of Israel. 22 But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea instead of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there. And being warned by God in a dream, he turned aside into the region of Galilee. 23 And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth , that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, “He shall be called a Nazarene.” Faith Lesson from the Birth of Christ 1. Bethlehem was the prophesied birthplace of Christ. 2. Christ fulfilled over 2 00 prophecies regarding his first coming. 3. The birth of Christ was a historical supernatural event witnessed by many. 4. The fulfillment of prophecy proves that Christ was the Son of God and that the Bible is inspired. 5. Christ’s birth, death, and resurrection were all miraculous events, proving Christ to be the very Son of God. 6. Christ claimed to be God in the flesh and proved it through His supernatural life and miracles. 7. Do we believe Christ is the Son of God, and have we received Him as our Lord and Savior?

Yardenit is just a couple hundred yards (meters) west of Hwy. 90, at the southern tip of the Sea of Galilee. It’s a popular spot, and the water is clean and abundant. For those desiring to get baptized here in the Jordan River, the Yardenit gift shop provides white robes and towels for a small fee. Yardenit Baptismal Site Photo Gallery Places of Interest Yardenit Baptismal Site Location There are two main baptismal sites on the Jordan River. Yardenit Baptismal Site 1. Yardenit is just a couple hundred yards (meters) west of Hwy. 90, at the southern tip of the Sea of Galilee. 2. It’s a popular spot, and the water is clean and abundant. 3. For those desiring to get baptized here in the Jordan River, the Yardenit gift shop provides white robes and towels for a small fee. 4. Yardenit has a large gift shop for the purchase of souvenirs and other miscellaneous items as well. 5. Yardenit is also a great place to view the Jordan River. 6. Entrance to the site is free. Jordan River Baptismal Site of Jesus (Qasr al-Yahud) 1. This Baptismal site is located about 2 miles (3.2 km.) east of Hwy 90, across from Jericho. 2. It’s also known as Qaser al-Yahud, Kasser al-Yahud, and the Baptismal Site of Jesus. 3. It’s the place where it’s believed Jesus was baptized, and where John the Baptist and the disciples of Jesus baptized many people as well. 4. The water is not as clean as Yardenit, but thousands of pilgrims are baptized there each year because of its spiritual significance. 5. It’s also the believed location where the Israelites crossed the Jordan River to enter the Promised Land. (For more, please see Jordan River Baptismal Site of Jesus) Places of Interest 1. Yardenit Baptismal Site 2. Jordan River 3. Parking area 4. Hwy. 90 5. Sea of Galilee Historical Background 1. The concept of baptism is rooted in the Old Testament. As far back as Genesis, eight people were saved from the great flood of God’s judgment. The Apostle Peter indicated that the water of the flood “symbolizes baptism that now saves you” (1 Pet. 3:21). 2. Old Testament prophets such as Isaiah, Ezekiel, and King David likewise used water as an external symbol for internal cleansing (Isa. 1:16: Ezek. 36:25; Ps. 51:2). Isaiah 1:16: Wash yourselves; make yourselves clean; remove the evil of your deeds from before my eyes; cease to do evil. 3. The word baptize, baptized, baptizing, or baptismal is mentioned around 83 times in the New Testament and, therefore, shows the value God places on it. (For the full Bible teaching on baptism, please see the Jordan River Baptismal Site of Jesus – Qsar al-Yahud Baptismal Site.)

Located in the heart of the Arava, the landscape is much like that of Biblical times when the children of Israel wandered in the desert for forty years. Learn why it's so important to understand the foundational truths about the Law and all the details of the tabernacle of Moses. See the Tabernacle of Moses replica in Timna Park, Israel. It's the exact size and has all the items found in the tabernacle. Timna Park: Tabernacle Replica Photo Gallery Places of Interest Timna Park: Tabernacle Replica Location 1. Timna Park is 17 miles (27 km.) north of Eilat and the Red Sea, on Hwy. 90. 2. Located within Timna Park is another park that has an exact replica of the tabernacle God ordered Moses to build while he was on Mount Sinai. 3. This tabernacle contains every piece of furniture, Brazen Altar, Table of Showbread, Ark of the Covenant, and everything the original tabernacle had. It’s the only life-size model of its kind in Israel that is exactly like the original one. It has been researched extensively and built according to the specifications given to Moses. 4. Timna Park is in the arid desert of Arava and is on the route the Israelites would have taken in their travels. It’s not for certain, but it’s possible the Israelites could have camped in the same area. 5. The landscape around Timna Park is very similar to that of biblical times when the children of Israel wandered in the desert for forty years. The arid country, lack of water, and heat all paint a picture of what it would have been like to live in the desert at that time. Historical Background 1. The tabernacle was portable, and its specifications are found in Exodus chapters 25–40. 2. Most Christians skim over or don’t read the sections and books of the Bible that deal with the details of the Law and the tabernacle. 3. Some might wonder why God spent 40 days instructing Moses about the tabernacle but only spent 6 days creating the entire universe? 4. And if God only needed a little over one chapter to describe the structure of the world, why did He need 15 chapters to describe the design and details of the tabernacle? 5. For most Christians, reading from Genesis to Exodus chapter 20 is great. Then, they get bogged down in the rest of Exodus, Leviticus, and part of Numbers. 6. The fact that God spends so much time on the details of how mankind can be right with Him reveals that He is more concerned about having a relationship with us than the importance of His creation. Places of Interest 1. Tabernacle Courtyard Fence It measures 75 ft. wide (23 m.) by 150 ft. long (46 m.). The Courtyard has 60 posts with linen curtains all around it. The Courtyard posts were 7.5 ft. high (2.29 m.). Each post had a bronze base with silver hooks and rings on top. Acacia wood was used for the tabernacle. These trees can be seen close to the tabernacle in Timna Park today. The Eastern Gate, which was the entrance, had 4 posts and a colored curtain. 2. Courtyard The Bronze (copper) Altar measured 7.5 ft. wide square (2.29 m.) by 4.5 ft. high (1.37 m.) and had 4 horns on each corner (also called the horns of the altar). The Bronze Laver or washbasin made from brass. Sacrifices and cleansing took place in the courtyard outside the Holy Place. Judgment and cleansing had to take place first before the priests could enter the temple. 3. The Tabernacle (also known as the Tent of Meeting) It measured 45 ft. long (13.72 m.) by 15 ft. wide by 15 ft. high (4.57 m.). It was made with 10 curtains of fine linen of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn. Each curtain was made with an embroidered cherub. 4. The Holy Place Only the priests and High Priest could enter the Holy Place. It measured 15 ft. wide (4.57 m.) by 30 ft. long (9.14 m.). It contained the menorah made from a single piece of gold. The Table of Showbread (representing the unleavened bread of the first Passover) measured 36 inches wide (91.44 cm.) by 18 inches deep (45.72 cm.) by 27 inches tall (68.58 cm.). On it were 12 loaves of bread which represented the 12 tribes of Israel. The Altar of Incense measured 18 inches square (45.72 cm.) by 36 inches tall (91.44 cm.). Only a special kind of incense was to be burned upon it. The priests wore white linen robes with a colorful sash. The High Priest wore special garments (a turban, ephod, breastplate, and robe). The breastplate contained 12 stones, each representing the 12 tribes of Israel. There were bells and pomegranates at the bottom of the robe. 5. The Veil Curtain separated the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies. It was made of blue, purple, and scarlet thread. 6. The Holy of Holies It measured 15 ft. by 15 ft. (4.6 m. by 4.6 m.). Only the High Priest could enter the Holy of Holies once a year on the day of Yom Kippur, and he wore a holy linen coat (Lev. 16:4). He had to be purified from all sin before entering. Tradition holds that a rope was tied to the waist of the High Priest in case God smote him for being impure in His site. By doing so, he could be drug out with the rope because they were forbidden to enter the Holy of Holies. This tradition might very well be true, but it’s not mentioned in the Bible. Inside the Holy of Holies was the Ark of the Covenant, which measured 45 inches wide (114 cm.) by 27 inches deep by 27 inches tall (68.58 cm.). On top of the Ark of the Covenant was the Mercy Seat, which measured 27 inches high (68.58 cm.). Molded to it were 2-winged cherubim angel figures made from one piece of gold. Inside the Ark of the Covenant were the Ten Commandments written on Stone Tablets by the finger of God, Aaron’s Rod that budded, and a Jar of Manna. The Tabernacle in the Bible 1. God gave the instructions to Moses of how to build the tabernacle while he was on Mount Sinai. Exodus 24:15–18: Then Moses went up on the mountain, and the cloud covered the mountain. 16 The glory of the Lord dwelt on Mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it six days. And on the seventh day he called to Moses out of the midst of the cloud. 17 Now the appearance of the glory of the Lord was like a devouring fire on the top of the mountain in the sight of the people of Israel. 18 Moses entered the cloud and went up on the mountain. And Moses was on the mountain forty days and forty nights. Hebrews 8:5: They serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things. For when Moses was about to erect the tent, he was instructed by God, saying, “See that you make everything according to the pattern that was shown you on the mountain.” 2. The tabernacle was to be God’s special dwelling place among His people. Exodus 25:1–9: The Lord said to Moses, 2 “Speak to the people of Israel, that they take for me a contribution. From every man whose heart moves him you shall receive the contribution for me. 3 And this is the contribution that you shall receive from them: gold, silver, and bronze, 4 blue and purple and scarlet yarns and fine twined linen, goats' hair, 5 tanned rams' skins, goatskins, acacia wood, 6 oil for the lamps, spices for the anointing oil and for the fragrant incense, 7 onyx stones, and stones for setting, for the ephod and for the breastpiece. 8 And let them make me a sanctuary, that I may dwell in their midst . 9 Exactly as I show you concerning the pattern of the tabernacle, and of all its furniture, so you shall make it. 3. The presence of God was over the tabernacle in the form of a cloud by day and fire by night. Numbers 9:15–17: On the day that the tabernacle was set up, the cloud covered the tabernacle , the tent of the testimony. And at evening it was over the tabernacle like the appearance of fire until morning. 16 So it was always: the cloud covered it by day and the appearance of fire by night . 17 And whenever the cloud lifted from over the tent, after that the people of Israel set out, and in the place where the cloud settled down, there the people of Israel camped. 4. Part of the reason the Levites were chosen to be the priests and servants of the temple was because of the zeal for the Lord they displayed regarding the Golden Calf at Mount Sinai. Exodus 32:25–29: And when Moses saw that the people had broken loose (for Aaron had let them break loose, to the derision of their enemies), 26 then Moses stood in the gate of the camp and said, “Who is on the Lord's side? Come to me.” And all the sons of Levi gathered around him . 27 And he said to them, “Thus says the Lord God of Israel, ‘Put your sword on your side each of you, and go to and fro from gate to gate throughout the camp, and each of you kill his brother and his companion and his neighbor.’” 28 And the sons of Levi did according to the word of Moses. And that day about three thousand men of the people fell. 29 And Moses said, “Today you have been ordained for the service of the Lord , each one at the cost of his son and of his brother, so that he might bestow a blessing upon you this day.” Faith Lesson from the Tabernacle 1. God focused on the details of the tabernacle because He wanted to embed some essential concepts in our minds. 2. The details of the tabernacle reveal how sinful people must approach a holy God. 3. The tabernacle was God’s dwelling among mankind. 4. The tabernacle and sacrificial system details reveal that God is more concerned about having a relationship with us than His creation. 5. It reveals the honor and respect we should have toward God. 6. The tabernacle and sacrificial system show the consequences of sin and the value of Christ’ sacrifice on the Cross. When a person sinned in the Old Testament, it cost them financially as they had to offer a sacrifice from their flocks or purchase one. 7. The tabernacle was a pattern of heavenly things. Hebrews 8:5–6: They serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things . For when Moses was about to erect the tent, he was instructed by God, saying, “See that you make everything according to the pattern that was shown you on the mountain.” 6 But as it is, Christ has obtained a ministry that is as much more excellent than the old as the covenant he mediates is better, since it is enacted on better promises. 8. The tabernacle gives insight and understanding regarding the privilege believers have today of being the temple of the living God. 1 Corinthians 3:16–17: Do you not know that you are a temple of God and that the Spirit of God dwells in you ? 17 If any man destroys the temple of God, God will destroy him, for the temple of God is holy, and that is what you are . 9. The concepts of the tabernacle provide understanding for believers today about how we are a living temple made with living stones. 1 Peter 2:4–5: And coming to Him as to a living stone which has been rejected by men, but is choice and precious in the sight of God, 5 you also, as living stones, are being built up as a spiritual house for a holy priesthood , to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ . 10. Those who skim over or neglect to read the details in Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers will miss the foundational truths of who Christ is and what He did in redeeming us through His work on the Cross. 11. The New Testament is built upon the foundation of the Old Testament. Therefore, if our understanding of the Old Testament is weak, so will be our understanding of the New Testament.